Resolution of Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a hematological disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets that could be triggered by a number of causes. ITPs are usually treated with steroid, immunomodulators or immunosuppressors, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy though refractory/relapsed status frequently occurs. It was suggested that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) after high-dose chemotherapy conditioning might improve ITP patients’ peripheral blood platelet counts via reorganizing disrupted immune balance in the hematopoietic and hematologic systems. In this case report, we describe how a patient, who suffered from both severe thrombocytopenia due to chronic ITP and refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), was managed to successfully receive autologous HSCT using carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) conditioning regimens and how his chronic ITP was eventually cured after receiving autologous HSCT. This is the first clinical case in the world demonstrating that high-dose BEAM chemotherapy conditioned autologous HSCT could cure chronic ITP while successfully managing refractory/relapse DLBCL. The clinical hematology professionals and the patients will benefit from our experience in managing severe thrombocytopenia while conducting high-dose chemotherapy conditioning and autologous HSCT for DLBCL.