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Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success?
Floral scent, a key mediator in plant–pollinator interactions, varies not only among plant species, but also within species. In deceptive plants, it is assumed that variation in floral scents and other traits involved in pollinator attraction is maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection,...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33391298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.584081 |
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author | Braunschmid, Herbert Dötterl, Stefan |
author_facet | Braunschmid, Herbert Dötterl, Stefan |
author_sort | Braunschmid, Herbert |
collection | PubMed |
description | Floral scent, a key mediator in plant–pollinator interactions, varies not only among plant species, but also within species. In deceptive plants, it is assumed that variation in floral scents and other traits involved in pollinator attraction is maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, i.e., rare phenotypes are more attractive to pollinators and hence, have a higher fitness than common phenotypes. So far, it is unknown whether the rarity of multivariate and/or continuous floral scent traits influences the pollination success of flowers. Here, we tested in the deceptive orchid Cypripedium calceolus, whether flowers with rarer scent bouquets within a population have a higher chance to getting pollinated than flowers with more common scents. We collected the scent of more than 100 flowers in two populations by dynamic headspace and analyzed the samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the same flowers we also recorded whether they set a fruit or not. We introduced rarity measures of uni- and multivariate floral scent traits for single flowers, which allowed us to finally test for frequency-dependent pollination, a prerequisite for negative frequency-dependent selection. Our results do not show rarity has an effect on the likelihood to set fruits in neither of the two populations and in none of the scent characteristics analyzed. Hence, there is no evidence of negative frequency-dependent pollination mediated by the floral scent of C. calceolus. We discuss that our approach to determine rarity of a scent is applicable to any univariate or multivariate (semi)quantitative trait. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7772181 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77721812020-12-31 Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? Braunschmid, Herbert Dötterl, Stefan Front Plant Sci Plant Science Floral scent, a key mediator in plant–pollinator interactions, varies not only among plant species, but also within species. In deceptive plants, it is assumed that variation in floral scents and other traits involved in pollinator attraction is maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, i.e., rare phenotypes are more attractive to pollinators and hence, have a higher fitness than common phenotypes. So far, it is unknown whether the rarity of multivariate and/or continuous floral scent traits influences the pollination success of flowers. Here, we tested in the deceptive orchid Cypripedium calceolus, whether flowers with rarer scent bouquets within a population have a higher chance to getting pollinated than flowers with more common scents. We collected the scent of more than 100 flowers in two populations by dynamic headspace and analyzed the samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the same flowers we also recorded whether they set a fruit or not. We introduced rarity measures of uni- and multivariate floral scent traits for single flowers, which allowed us to finally test for frequency-dependent pollination, a prerequisite for negative frequency-dependent selection. Our results do not show rarity has an effect on the likelihood to set fruits in neither of the two populations and in none of the scent characteristics analyzed. Hence, there is no evidence of negative frequency-dependent pollination mediated by the floral scent of C. calceolus. We discuss that our approach to determine rarity of a scent is applicable to any univariate or multivariate (semi)quantitative trait. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7772181/ /pubmed/33391298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.584081 Text en Copyright © 2020 Braunschmid and Dötterl. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Braunschmid, Herbert Dötterl, Stefan Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title | Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title_full | Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title_fullStr | Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title_full_unstemmed | Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title_short | Does the Rarity of a Flower’s Scent Phenotype in a Deceptive Orchid Explain Its Pollination Success? |
title_sort | does the rarity of a flower’s scent phenotype in a deceptive orchid explain its pollination success? |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33391298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.584081 |
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