Demographic & angiographic profile of young patients aged 40 year & less undergoing coronary angiography in a tier II city of Eastern India

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its complications are on an increasing trend in the younger age group. In this study, we aimed to identify the different risk factor profile and coronary angiographic characteristics of young adults presenting with coronary artery disease. METHODS: We conducted this retrospective observational study at Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, for 5 years between April 2015 and March 2020. Inclusion criteria being patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome or chronic stable angina, aged ≤40 years, who underwent coronary angiography. Those below 40 years of age who underwent angiography in non-CAD (coronary artery disease) setting were excluded. RESULTS: Among the 117 cases included in this study, 81.1% were males and 18.8% were females. Majority of cases, i.e., 52.2% were in the age group of 36–40 years. Risk factor evaluation showed hypertension as the major risk factor, present in 30.76% of patients, followed by diabetes mellitus in 21.36%, Dyslipidaemia was noted in 7.6%. History of smoking was present in 8.54%, history of smokeless tobacco use was in 7.69%, family history of CAD was noted in 9.4% of patients. Among 117 cases, SVD (single-vessel disease) was most prevalent, seen in 55.5% cases. 21.3% had normal or recanalized coronaries. Among SVD, LAD (Left anterior descending artery) was the most commonly involved vessel (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Young patients with CAD are mainly males, and SVD in the form of LAD is more commonly involved. In this vulnerable age group, more emphasis should be given on diagnosis and management of risk factors.