Participation profiles among Chinese stroke survivors: A latent profile analysis

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the current status of participation and explore the characteristics of individuals with different levels of participation among stroke survivors in mainland China. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from the neurology department of the tertiary hospitals and communities. SUBJECTS: Stroke survivors (N = 517; mean (±SD) age, 69.97±11.51 y; 36.8% female). INTERVENTION: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation was measured using the Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA). Rating of disability was assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and the Herth Hope Scale (HHS) were also employed to measure social support, coping strategy, and hope of stroke survivors. The latent profiles analysis (LPA) was conducted using the Mplus version 8.3. RESULTS: The mean score of participation was 41.21±21.204. Participants were divided into three groups according to the participation using the LPA. The mean score on the sum of IPA for the high, medium, and low participation groups was 18.93±8.529, 42.50±8.302, and 69.44±9.516, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke survivors have a low level of participation. Stroke survivors with low income, high mRS stage, bad health condition, and being dissatisfied for life tended to have low participation. Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to them and make targeted interventions based on their characteristics.