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The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study

BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral drugs (cARVs) prolong patients’ lives but are unfortunately thought to increase complications related to metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). We sought to confirm the association of cARVs with type-2 DM and ascertain the extent of this a...

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Autores principales: Bam, Nokwanda E., Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A., Ntsaba, Jafta, Apalata, Teke, Nomatshila, Sibusiso C., Chitha, Wezile
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7775046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33382732
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244067
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author Bam, Nokwanda E.
Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A.
Ntsaba, Jafta
Apalata, Teke
Nomatshila, Sibusiso C.
Chitha, Wezile
author_facet Bam, Nokwanda E.
Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A.
Ntsaba, Jafta
Apalata, Teke
Nomatshila, Sibusiso C.
Chitha, Wezile
author_sort Bam, Nokwanda E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral drugs (cARVs) prolong patients’ lives but are unfortunately thought to increase complications related to metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). We sought to confirm the association of cARVs with type-2 DM and ascertain the extent of this association in a rural South African setting. METHODS: A case-control study of 177 (33.33%) cases with HIV/AIDS and type-2 DM were selected and compared with 354 (66.67%) non-DM HIV/AIDS unmatched controls from a rural district of South Africa’s third most populous province (Eastern Cape). Cases were identified from community health centres using the district health information system, and controls were identified using simple random sampling from the same health facilities. Odds Ratios (OR), together with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for all the univariable and multivariable logistic analyses. RESULTS: This study found that cARVs significantly increased the occurrence of type-2 DM among HIV patients. Patients on protease inhibitors (PIs) were at least 21 times significantly (p<0.0001) more likely to be diabetic than those on the fixed dose combination (FDC); those on stavudine (D4T) and zidovudine (AZT) were 2.45 times and 9.44 times respectively more likely to be diabetic than those on FDC (p<0.05). The odds of diabetes increased by more than three-folds for those who had been on antiretroviral drugs for more than 6 years (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: This study has been able to establish the association between cARVs and type-2 DM. It therefore proposes consideration of the usage of AZT, D4T, lopivavir and ritonavir for the treatment of HIV. The study further proposes more prospective research to test these findings further.
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spelling pubmed-77750462021-01-11 The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study Bam, Nokwanda E. Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A. Ntsaba, Jafta Apalata, Teke Nomatshila, Sibusiso C. Chitha, Wezile PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral drugs (cARVs) prolong patients’ lives but are unfortunately thought to increase complications related to metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). We sought to confirm the association of cARVs with type-2 DM and ascertain the extent of this association in a rural South African setting. METHODS: A case-control study of 177 (33.33%) cases with HIV/AIDS and type-2 DM were selected and compared with 354 (66.67%) non-DM HIV/AIDS unmatched controls from a rural district of South Africa’s third most populous province (Eastern Cape). Cases were identified from community health centres using the district health information system, and controls were identified using simple random sampling from the same health facilities. Odds Ratios (OR), together with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for all the univariable and multivariable logistic analyses. RESULTS: This study found that cARVs significantly increased the occurrence of type-2 DM among HIV patients. Patients on protease inhibitors (PIs) were at least 21 times significantly (p<0.0001) more likely to be diabetic than those on the fixed dose combination (FDC); those on stavudine (D4T) and zidovudine (AZT) were 2.45 times and 9.44 times respectively more likely to be diabetic than those on FDC (p<0.05). The odds of diabetes increased by more than three-folds for those who had been on antiretroviral drugs for more than 6 years (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: This study has been able to establish the association between cARVs and type-2 DM. It therefore proposes consideration of the usage of AZT, D4T, lopivavir and ritonavir for the treatment of HIV. The study further proposes more prospective research to test these findings further. Public Library of Science 2020-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7775046/ /pubmed/33382732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244067 Text en © 2020 Bam et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bam, Nokwanda E.
Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A.
Ntsaba, Jafta
Apalata, Teke
Nomatshila, Sibusiso C.
Chitha, Wezile
The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title_full The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title_fullStr The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title_full_unstemmed The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title_short The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study
title_sort association between hiv tri-therapy with the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus in a rural south african district: a case-control study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7775046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33382732
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244067
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