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Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria
Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa relies on the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) or the indoor residual spraying of insecticide. Disease transmission may be maintained even when these indoor interventions are universally used as some mosquitoes will bite in the early morn...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7776935/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33357051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0817 |
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author | Hellewell, Joel Sherrard-Smith, Ellie Ogoma, Sheila Churcher, Thomas S. |
author_facet | Hellewell, Joel Sherrard-Smith, Ellie Ogoma, Sheila Churcher, Thomas S. |
author_sort | Hellewell, Joel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa relies on the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) or the indoor residual spraying of insecticide. Disease transmission may be maintained even when these indoor interventions are universally used as some mosquitoes will bite in the early morning and evening when people are outside. As countries seek to eliminate malaria, they can target outdoor biting using new vector control tools such as spatial repellent emanators, which emit airborne insecticide to form a protective area around the user. Field data are used to incorporate a low-technology emanator into a mathematical model of malaria transmission to predict its public health impact across a range of scenarios. Targeting outdoor biting by repeatedly distributing emanators alongside LLINs increases the chance of elimination, but the additional benefit depends on the level of anthropophagy in the local mosquito population, emanator effectiveness and the pre-intervention proportion of mosquitoes biting outdoors. High proportions of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes diminish LLIN impact because of reduced mosquito mortality. When mosquitoes are highly anthropophagic, this reduced mortality leads to more outdoor biting and a reduced additional benefit of emanators, even if emanators are assumed to retain their effectiveness in the presence of pyrethroid resistance. Different target product profiles are examined, which show the extra epidemiological benefits of spatial repellents that induce mosquito mortality. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases’. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7776935 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77769352021-01-08 Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria Hellewell, Joel Sherrard-Smith, Ellie Ogoma, Sheila Churcher, Thomas S. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Articles Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa relies on the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) or the indoor residual spraying of insecticide. Disease transmission may be maintained even when these indoor interventions are universally used as some mosquitoes will bite in the early morning and evening when people are outside. As countries seek to eliminate malaria, they can target outdoor biting using new vector control tools such as spatial repellent emanators, which emit airborne insecticide to form a protective area around the user. Field data are used to incorporate a low-technology emanator into a mathematical model of malaria transmission to predict its public health impact across a range of scenarios. Targeting outdoor biting by repeatedly distributing emanators alongside LLINs increases the chance of elimination, but the additional benefit depends on the level of anthropophagy in the local mosquito population, emanator effectiveness and the pre-intervention proportion of mosquitoes biting outdoors. High proportions of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes diminish LLIN impact because of reduced mosquito mortality. When mosquitoes are highly anthropophagic, this reduced mortality leads to more outdoor biting and a reduced additional benefit of emanators, even if emanators are assumed to retain their effectiveness in the presence of pyrethroid resistance. Different target product profiles are examined, which show the extra epidemiological benefits of spatial repellents that induce mosquito mortality. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases’. The Royal Society 2021-02-15 2020-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7776935/ /pubmed/33357051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0817 Text en © 2020 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Hellewell, Joel Sherrard-Smith, Ellie Ogoma, Sheila Churcher, Thomas S. Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title | Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title_full | Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title_fullStr | Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title_short | Assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
title_sort | assessing the impact of low-technology emanators alongside long-lasting insecticidal nets to control malaria |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7776935/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33357051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0817 |
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