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Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System

PURPOSE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection that adversely affects a woman’s health, due to unpleasant symptoms, therapeutic challenges, and the emergence of resistant strains. The association of natural products and nanotechnology is important to improve the antifun...

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Autores principales: Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani, dos Santos Ramos, Matheus Aparecido, Bento da Silva, Patrícia, Rodero, Camila Fernanda, de Sá Gomes, Veridiana, Noronha da Silva, Anderson, Pavan, Fernando Rogério, da Silva, Isabel Cristiane, Bombarda Oda, Fernando, Flumignan, Danilo Luis, Gonzaga dos Santos, André, Chorilli, Marlus, Gottardo de Almeida, Margarete Teresa, Bauab, Taís Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33402821
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275258
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author Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani
dos Santos Ramos, Matheus Aparecido
Bento da Silva, Patrícia
Rodero, Camila Fernanda
de Sá Gomes, Veridiana
Noronha da Silva, Anderson
Pavan, Fernando Rogério
da Silva, Isabel Cristiane
Bombarda Oda, Fernando
Flumignan, Danilo Luis
Gonzaga dos Santos, André
Chorilli, Marlus
Gottardo de Almeida, Margarete Teresa
Bauab, Taís Maria
author_facet Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani
dos Santos Ramos, Matheus Aparecido
Bento da Silva, Patrícia
Rodero, Camila Fernanda
de Sá Gomes, Veridiana
Noronha da Silva, Anderson
Pavan, Fernando Rogério
da Silva, Isabel Cristiane
Bombarda Oda, Fernando
Flumignan, Danilo Luis
Gonzaga dos Santos, André
Chorilli, Marlus
Gottardo de Almeida, Margarete Teresa
Bauab, Taís Maria
author_sort Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection that adversely affects a woman’s health, due to unpleasant symptoms, therapeutic challenges, and the emergence of resistant strains. The association of natural products and nanotechnology is important to improve the antifungal potential of medicinal plants. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans activity of unloaded (EO) and loaded (ME+EO) essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in the microemulsion (ME). METHODS: The chemical analysis of the EO was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ME and ME+EO were characterized by scattering, zeta potential, polarized light microscopy, rheological assays, mucoadhesiveness and transmission electronic microscopy. The in vitro antifungal activity of the EO and ME+EO were evaluated by microdilution technique. The toxicity of EO and ME+EO was analyzed on human cell line HaCat and using alternative model assay with Artemia salina. The experimental in vivo VVC was performed in female mice (C57BL/6). RESULTS: The main compounds of the EO were found to be citronellal, geranial, geraniol, citronellol, and neral. The formulations exhibited suitable size, homogeneity, negative charge, isotropic behavior, highly organized structure, and pseudoplastic behavior, for vaginal application. TEM photomicrographs showed possible EO droplets inside the spherical structures. The EO, when loaded into the ME, exhibited an improvement in its antifungal action against C. albicans. The EO was not toxic against brine shrimp nauplii. An in vivo VVC assay showed that the use of the ME significantly improved the action of the EO, since only the ME+EO promoted the eradication of the fungal vaginal infection on the third day of treatment. CONCLUSION: The EO and ME+EO are promising alternatives for the control of fungal infections caused by C. albicans, once the use of nanotechnology significantly improved the antifungal action of the EO, especially in an in vivo model of VVC.
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spelling pubmed-77786792021-01-04 Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani dos Santos Ramos, Matheus Aparecido Bento da Silva, Patrícia Rodero, Camila Fernanda de Sá Gomes, Veridiana Noronha da Silva, Anderson Pavan, Fernando Rogério da Silva, Isabel Cristiane Bombarda Oda, Fernando Flumignan, Danilo Luis Gonzaga dos Santos, André Chorilli, Marlus Gottardo de Almeida, Margarete Teresa Bauab, Taís Maria Int J Nanomedicine Original Research PURPOSE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection that adversely affects a woman’s health, due to unpleasant symptoms, therapeutic challenges, and the emergence of resistant strains. The association of natural products and nanotechnology is important to improve the antifungal potential of medicinal plants. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans activity of unloaded (EO) and loaded (ME+EO) essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in the microemulsion (ME). METHODS: The chemical analysis of the EO was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ME and ME+EO were characterized by scattering, zeta potential, polarized light microscopy, rheological assays, mucoadhesiveness and transmission electronic microscopy. The in vitro antifungal activity of the EO and ME+EO were evaluated by microdilution technique. The toxicity of EO and ME+EO was analyzed on human cell line HaCat and using alternative model assay with Artemia salina. The experimental in vivo VVC was performed in female mice (C57BL/6). RESULTS: The main compounds of the EO were found to be citronellal, geranial, geraniol, citronellol, and neral. The formulations exhibited suitable size, homogeneity, negative charge, isotropic behavior, highly organized structure, and pseudoplastic behavior, for vaginal application. TEM photomicrographs showed possible EO droplets inside the spherical structures. The EO, when loaded into the ME, exhibited an improvement in its antifungal action against C. albicans. The EO was not toxic against brine shrimp nauplii. An in vivo VVC assay showed that the use of the ME significantly improved the action of the EO, since only the ME+EO promoted the eradication of the fungal vaginal infection on the third day of treatment. CONCLUSION: The EO and ME+EO are promising alternatives for the control of fungal infections caused by C. albicans, once the use of nanotechnology significantly improved the antifungal action of the EO, especially in an in vivo model of VVC. Dove 2020-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7778679/ /pubmed/33402821 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275258 Text en © 2020 Gaspar de Toledo et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Gaspar de Toledo, Luciani
dos Santos Ramos, Matheus Aparecido
Bento da Silva, Patrícia
Rodero, Camila Fernanda
de Sá Gomes, Veridiana
Noronha da Silva, Anderson
Pavan, Fernando Rogério
da Silva, Isabel Cristiane
Bombarda Oda, Fernando
Flumignan, Danilo Luis
Gonzaga dos Santos, André
Chorilli, Marlus
Gottardo de Almeida, Margarete Teresa
Bauab, Taís Maria
Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title_full Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title_fullStr Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title_full_unstemmed Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title_short Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System
title_sort improved in vitro and in vivo anti-candida albicans activity of cymbopogon nardus essential oil by its incorporation into a microemulsion system
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33402821
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275258
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