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Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)

BACKGROUND: The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (C...

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Autores principales: Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo, de Souza, Dziedzom K., Asiedu, Odame, Marfo, Benjamin, Amazigo, Uche Veronica, Gyapong, John Owusu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33388081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04507-2
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author Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo
de Souza, Dziedzom K.
Asiedu, Odame
Marfo, Benjamin
Amazigo, Uche Veronica
Gyapong, John Owusu
author_facet Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo
de Souza, Dziedzom K.
Asiedu, Odame
Marfo, Benjamin
Amazigo, Uche Veronica
Gyapong, John Owusu
author_sort Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. METHODS: In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. RESULTS: This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met. [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-77788172021-01-04 Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016) Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo de Souza, Dziedzom K. Asiedu, Odame Marfo, Benjamin Amazigo, Uche Veronica Gyapong, John Owusu Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. METHODS: In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. RESULTS: This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met. [Image: see text] BioMed Central 2021-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7778817/ /pubmed/33388081 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04507-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo
de Souza, Dziedzom K.
Asiedu, Odame
Marfo, Benjamin
Amazigo, Uche Veronica
Gyapong, John Owusu
Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title_full Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title_fullStr Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title_full_unstemmed Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title_short Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)
title_sort onchocerciasis control in ghana (1974–2016)
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33388081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04507-2
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