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Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Objective: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. This study focuses on finding new biomarkers to evaluate the clinical condition and provide new directions for treatment. Methods: A total of 44 cytokines/chemokines in the cerebros...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.582296 |
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author | Liu, Jingwen Liu, Lei Kang, Wenting Peng, Gongxin Yu, Di Ma, Qiuying Li, Yatong Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Dai, Feifei Wang, Jiawei |
author_facet | Liu, Jingwen Liu, Lei Kang, Wenting Peng, Gongxin Yu, Di Ma, Qiuying Li, Yatong Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Dai, Feifei Wang, Jiawei |
author_sort | Liu, Jingwen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. This study focuses on finding new biomarkers to evaluate the clinical condition and provide new directions for treatment. Methods: A total of 44 cytokines/chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 non-paraneoplastic patients and nine controls were measured. We selected some of the cytokines/chemokines that significantly increased in patients. Six selected cytokines/chemokines, including IL-10, CXCL10, CCL22, CCL3, IL-7, TNF-α, and three previously reported (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17A), were measured in seven other patients who provided repeat samples. We compared their levels and explored correlations with severity of disease and antibody titers. Results: The levels of Th1 axis (CXCL10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL3), Th2 axis (CCL1, CCL8, CCL17, CCL22), Treg axis (IL-10), Th17 axis (IL-7), and B cell axis (CXCL13) cytokines, as well as IL-12 p40 and IL-16, were significantly higher in patients compared to those in controls. The level of IL-2 was significantly decreased at the intermediate stage of treatment compared with that before treatment. The severity of disease is positively correlated with levels of CXCL10, CCL3, IL-10, CCL22, and IL-6. The level of CCL3 in the high antibody titer group was greater than that in the low antibody titer group. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis involves T cell and B cell cytokines. T cells likely assist B cells to produce antibodies. IL-2, CXCL10, CCL3, IL-10, CCL22, and IL-6 may represent new biomarkers in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Given the lack of research on IL-10, CCL3, and CCL22 in this disease, it will be informative to explore their potential role in pathogenesis in larger studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7779630 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77796302021-01-05 Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Liu, Jingwen Liu, Lei Kang, Wenting Peng, Gongxin Yu, Di Ma, Qiuying Li, Yatong Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Dai, Feifei Wang, Jiawei Front Neurol Neurology Objective: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. This study focuses on finding new biomarkers to evaluate the clinical condition and provide new directions for treatment. Methods: A total of 44 cytokines/chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 non-paraneoplastic patients and nine controls were measured. We selected some of the cytokines/chemokines that significantly increased in patients. Six selected cytokines/chemokines, including IL-10, CXCL10, CCL22, CCL3, IL-7, TNF-α, and three previously reported (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17A), were measured in seven other patients who provided repeat samples. We compared their levels and explored correlations with severity of disease and antibody titers. Results: The levels of Th1 axis (CXCL10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL3), Th2 axis (CCL1, CCL8, CCL17, CCL22), Treg axis (IL-10), Th17 axis (IL-7), and B cell axis (CXCL13) cytokines, as well as IL-12 p40 and IL-16, were significantly higher in patients compared to those in controls. The level of IL-2 was significantly decreased at the intermediate stage of treatment compared with that before treatment. The severity of disease is positively correlated with levels of CXCL10, CCL3, IL-10, CCL22, and IL-6. The level of CCL3 in the high antibody titer group was greater than that in the low antibody titer group. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis involves T cell and B cell cytokines. T cells likely assist B cells to produce antibodies. IL-2, CXCL10, CCL3, IL-10, CCL22, and IL-6 may represent new biomarkers in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Given the lack of research on IL-10, CCL3, and CCL22 in this disease, it will be informative to explore their potential role in pathogenesis in larger studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7779630/ /pubmed/33408682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.582296 Text en Copyright © 2020 Liu, Liu, Kang, Peng, Yu, Ma, Li, Zhao, Li, Dai and Wang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Liu, Jingwen Liu, Lei Kang, Wenting Peng, Gongxin Yu, Di Ma, Qiuying Li, Yatong Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Dai, Feifei Wang, Jiawei Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title | Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title_full | Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title_fullStr | Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title_full_unstemmed | Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title_short | Cytokines/Chemokines: Potential Biomarkers for Non-paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis |
title_sort | cytokines/chemokines: potential biomarkers for non-paraneoplastic anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.582296 |
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