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Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China

Excessive nitrogen (N) application is widespread in Southern China. The effects of N fertilization on soil properties and crop physiology are poorly understood in tropical red loam soil. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization rates on physiological attribute...

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Autores principales: Sun, Jianbo, Li, Wenbin, Li, Chunqiang, Chang, Wenjun, Zhang, Shiqing, Zeng, Yanbo, Zeng, Changying, Peng, Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.613760
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author Sun, Jianbo
Li, Wenbin
Li, Chunqiang
Chang, Wenjun
Zhang, Shiqing
Zeng, Yanbo
Zeng, Changying
Peng, Ming
author_facet Sun, Jianbo
Li, Wenbin
Li, Chunqiang
Chang, Wenjun
Zhang, Shiqing
Zeng, Yanbo
Zeng, Changying
Peng, Ming
author_sort Sun, Jianbo
collection PubMed
description Excessive nitrogen (N) application is widespread in Southern China. The effects of N fertilization on soil properties and crop physiology are poorly understood in tropical red loam soil. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization rates on physiological attributes (chlorophyll, plant metabolic enzymes, soluble matters) on banana leaves, soil properties (soil enzymes, soil organic matter (SOM), soil available nutrients) as well as banana crop yield in a subtropical region of southern China. The N rates tested were 0 (N(0)), 145 (N(145)), 248 (N(248)), 352 (N(352)), 414 (N(FT)), and 455 (N(455)) g N per plant. The correlations among soil factors, leaf physiological factors and crop yield were evaluated. The results indiated that the high rates of N fertilization (N(FT) and N(455)) significantly decreased soil available potassium (K) content, available phosphorus (P) content, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, and soluble protein and sugar contents compared with lower N rates. The N(352) treatment had the highest crop yields compared with higher N rates treatments, followed by the N(455) treatment. However, there were no significant differences in crop yields among N fertilization treatments. Factor analysis showed that the N(352) treatment had the highest integrated score for soil and leaf physiological factors among all treatments. Moreover, the N(352) treatment was the most effective in improving carbon and nitrogen metabolism in banana. Crop yield was significantly and positively linearly correlated with the integrated score (r = 0.823, p < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that invertase, SOM and sucrose synthase (SS) had a strong positive effect on banana yield. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that available K, invertase, acid phosphatase and available P were the most important factors impacting leaf physiological attributes. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct differences in N application treatment related to variations in soil and leaf factors. This study suggested that excessive N fertilization had a negative effect on soil fertility, crop physiology and yield. The lower N rates were more effective in improving crop yield than higher rates of N fertilization. The N rate of 352 g N per plant (N(352)) was recommended to reduce excess N input while maintaining the higher yield for local farmers’ banana planting.
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spelling pubmed-77796792021-01-05 Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China Sun, Jianbo Li, Wenbin Li, Chunqiang Chang, Wenjun Zhang, Shiqing Zeng, Yanbo Zeng, Changying Peng, Ming Front Plant Sci Plant Science Excessive nitrogen (N) application is widespread in Southern China. The effects of N fertilization on soil properties and crop physiology are poorly understood in tropical red loam soil. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization rates on physiological attributes (chlorophyll, plant metabolic enzymes, soluble matters) on banana leaves, soil properties (soil enzymes, soil organic matter (SOM), soil available nutrients) as well as banana crop yield in a subtropical region of southern China. The N rates tested were 0 (N(0)), 145 (N(145)), 248 (N(248)), 352 (N(352)), 414 (N(FT)), and 455 (N(455)) g N per plant. The correlations among soil factors, leaf physiological factors and crop yield were evaluated. The results indiated that the high rates of N fertilization (N(FT) and N(455)) significantly decreased soil available potassium (K) content, available phosphorus (P) content, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, and soluble protein and sugar contents compared with lower N rates. The N(352) treatment had the highest crop yields compared with higher N rates treatments, followed by the N(455) treatment. However, there were no significant differences in crop yields among N fertilization treatments. Factor analysis showed that the N(352) treatment had the highest integrated score for soil and leaf physiological factors among all treatments. Moreover, the N(352) treatment was the most effective in improving carbon and nitrogen metabolism in banana. Crop yield was significantly and positively linearly correlated with the integrated score (r = 0.823, p < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that invertase, SOM and sucrose synthase (SS) had a strong positive effect on banana yield. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that available K, invertase, acid phosphatase and available P were the most important factors impacting leaf physiological attributes. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct differences in N application treatment related to variations in soil and leaf factors. This study suggested that excessive N fertilization had a negative effect on soil fertility, crop physiology and yield. The lower N rates were more effective in improving crop yield than higher rates of N fertilization. The N rate of 352 g N per plant (N(352)) was recommended to reduce excess N input while maintaining the higher yield for local farmers’ banana planting. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7779679/ /pubmed/33408734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.613760 Text en Copyright © 2020 Sun, Li, Li, Chang, Zhang, Zeng, Zeng and Peng. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Sun, Jianbo
Li, Wenbin
Li, Chunqiang
Chang, Wenjun
Zhang, Shiqing
Zeng, Yanbo
Zeng, Changying
Peng, Ming
Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title_full Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title_fullStr Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title_short Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yield, Soil Properties and Leaf Physiological Attributes in Banana Under Subtropical Regions of China
title_sort effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilization on crop yield, soil properties and leaf physiological attributes in banana under subtropical regions of china
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.613760
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