Cargando…

Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome

While often regarded as a subset of metabolomics, lipidomics can better be considered as a field in its own right. While the total number of lipid species in biology may not exceed the number of metabolites, they can be modified chemically and biochemically leading to an enormous diversity of deriva...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Spickett, Corinne M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.602771
_version_ 1783631423646728192
author Spickett, Corinne M.
author_facet Spickett, Corinne M.
author_sort Spickett, Corinne M.
collection PubMed
description While often regarded as a subset of metabolomics, lipidomics can better be considered as a field in its own right. While the total number of lipid species in biology may not exceed the number of metabolites, they can be modified chemically and biochemically leading to an enormous diversity of derivatives, many of which retain the lipophilic properties of lipids and thus expand the lipidome greatly. Oxidative modification by radical oxygen species, either enzymatically or chemically, is one of the major mechanisms involved, although attack by non-radical oxidants also occurs. The modified lipids typically contain more oxygens in the form of hydroxyl, epoxide, carbonyl and carboxylic acid groups, and nitration, nitrosylation, halogenation or sulfation can also occur. This article provides a succinct overview of the types of species formed, the reactive compounds involved and the specific molecular sites that they react with, and the biochemical or chemical mechanisms involved. In many cases, these modifications reduce the stability of the lipid, and breakdown products are formed, which themselves have interesting properties such as the ability to react with other biomolecules. Publications on the biological effects of modified lipids are growing rapidly, supporting the concept that some of these biomolecules have potential signaling and regulatory effects. The question therefore arises whether modified lipids represent an “epilipidome”, analogous to the epigenetic modifications that can control gene expression.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7779974
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-77799742021-01-05 Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome Spickett, Corinne M. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology While often regarded as a subset of metabolomics, lipidomics can better be considered as a field in its own right. While the total number of lipid species in biology may not exceed the number of metabolites, they can be modified chemically and biochemically leading to an enormous diversity of derivatives, many of which retain the lipophilic properties of lipids and thus expand the lipidome greatly. Oxidative modification by radical oxygen species, either enzymatically or chemically, is one of the major mechanisms involved, although attack by non-radical oxidants also occurs. The modified lipids typically contain more oxygens in the form of hydroxyl, epoxide, carbonyl and carboxylic acid groups, and nitration, nitrosylation, halogenation or sulfation can also occur. This article provides a succinct overview of the types of species formed, the reactive compounds involved and the specific molecular sites that they react with, and the biochemical or chemical mechanisms involved. In many cases, these modifications reduce the stability of the lipid, and breakdown products are formed, which themselves have interesting properties such as the ability to react with other biomolecules. Publications on the biological effects of modified lipids are growing rapidly, supporting the concept that some of these biomolecules have potential signaling and regulatory effects. The question therefore arises whether modified lipids represent an “epilipidome”, analogous to the epigenetic modifications that can control gene expression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7779974/ /pubmed/33408694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.602771 Text en Copyright © 2020 Spickett http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Spickett, Corinne M.
Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title_full Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title_fullStr Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title_full_unstemmed Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title_short Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
title_sort formation of oxidatively modified lipids as the basis for a cellular epilipidome
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.602771
work_keys_str_mv AT spickettcorinnem formationofoxidativelymodifiedlipidsasthebasisforacellularepilipidome