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Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains sever...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7780621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33390169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3 |
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author | Bhat, Ajaz A. Nisar, Sabah Maacha, Selma Carneiro-Lobo, Tatiana Correa Akhtar, Sabah Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman Wani, Nissar A. Rizwan, Arshi Bagga, Puneet Singh, Mayank Reddy, Ravinder Uddin, Shahab Grivel, Jean-Charles Chand, Gyan Frenneaux, Michael P. Siddiqi, Mushtaq A. Bedognetti, Davide El-Rifai, Wael Macha, Muzafar A. Haris, Mohammad |
author_facet | Bhat, Ajaz A. Nisar, Sabah Maacha, Selma Carneiro-Lobo, Tatiana Correa Akhtar, Sabah Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman Wani, Nissar A. Rizwan, Arshi Bagga, Puneet Singh, Mayank Reddy, Ravinder Uddin, Shahab Grivel, Jean-Charles Chand, Gyan Frenneaux, Michael P. Siddiqi, Mushtaq A. Bedognetti, Davide El-Rifai, Wael Macha, Muzafar A. Haris, Mohammad |
author_sort | Bhat, Ajaz A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7780621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77806212021-01-05 Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy Bhat, Ajaz A. Nisar, Sabah Maacha, Selma Carneiro-Lobo, Tatiana Correa Akhtar, Sabah Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman Wani, Nissar A. Rizwan, Arshi Bagga, Puneet Singh, Mayank Reddy, Ravinder Uddin, Shahab Grivel, Jean-Charles Chand, Gyan Frenneaux, Michael P. Siddiqi, Mushtaq A. Bedognetti, Davide El-Rifai, Wael Macha, Muzafar A. Haris, Mohammad Mol Cancer Review Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC. BioMed Central 2021-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7780621/ /pubmed/33390169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Bhat, Ajaz A. Nisar, Sabah Maacha, Selma Carneiro-Lobo, Tatiana Correa Akhtar, Sabah Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman Wani, Nissar A. Rizwan, Arshi Bagga, Puneet Singh, Mayank Reddy, Ravinder Uddin, Shahab Grivel, Jean-Charles Chand, Gyan Frenneaux, Michael P. Siddiqi, Mushtaq A. Bedognetti, Davide El-Rifai, Wael Macha, Muzafar A. Haris, Mohammad Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title_full | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title_fullStr | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title_short | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
title_sort | cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7780621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33390169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3 |
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