Chemopreventive and anticancer activities of indomethacin and vitamin D combination on colorectal cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats

Several studies have revealed that the combination of indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and vitamin D reduces the risk of common types of cancers. Nonetheless, research on the deal concentrations used to test the impact of vitamin D on colon cancer is deficient. Along these lines, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of indomethacin and vitamin D as a preventative as well as a therapeutic operator for colon cancer growth induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male Albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were utilized in this examination; five groups were assigned from the animals (10 animals each): i) control group considered healthy animals; ii) carcinogen group that received DMH only; iii) prophylactic group; iv) vitamin D and indomethacin-treated group; and v) 5-flurouracil (5-FU) group. Western blot technique was used to determine the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Overexpression of CEA and PDGF was noted in the carcinogenic group, while expression of CEA and PDGF in the prophylactic, vitamin D and indomethacin and 5-FU groups were markedly reduced. There was a likewise decline in tissue caspase-3 activity and antioxidant parameters in the carcinogenic group, while, there was an increase in these markers in the 5-FU group as well as the prophylactic and vitamin D and indomethacin groups. The combination of vitamin D and indomethacin markedly reduced the incidence and severity of colon cancer. The molecular, biochemical and histopathological analysis related with the oral administration of vitamin D and indomethacin display its capacity to limit the frequency of colorectal cancer.