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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental...

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Autores principales: Rombolà, Pasquale, Barlozzari, Giulia, Carvelli, Andrea, Scarpulla, Manuela, Iacoponi, Francesca, Macrì, Gladia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7781377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33395452
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244923
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author Rombolà, Pasquale
Barlozzari, Giulia
Carvelli, Andrea
Scarpulla, Manuela
Iacoponi, Francesca
Macrì, Gladia
author_facet Rombolà, Pasquale
Barlozzari, Giulia
Carvelli, Andrea
Scarpulla, Manuela
Iacoponi, Francesca
Macrì, Gladia
author_sort Rombolà, Pasquale
collection PubMed
description Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the dog exposure to L. infantum and to estimate the seroprevalence among owned and kennel dogs, in the Lazio region (central Italy), where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the period 2010–2014, 13,292 sera from kennel and owned dogs were collected by official and private veterinarians. The presence of anti-Leishmania IgG was analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a 1:80 titre cut-off. At the univariable analysis, CanL seropositivity was associated with sex, size, breed, coat length, living with other dogs and forest/semi-natural land cover. At the multivariable analysis, age, ownership and attitude were confirmed as risk factors, being more than 2 years old, owned, and hunting dogs at higher risk. Being a Maremma sheepdog was a protective factor. A true overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2) was estimated in the whole population while 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8–7.8) was estimated in kennel dogs and 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8–77.6) in owned dogs. The role of kennels as a key component for CanL active and passive surveillance was also highlighted. This study confirmed the endemicity of CanL in the Lazio region and focused some factors that can influence the seropositivity of dogs in a Mediterranean region.
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spelling pubmed-77813772021-01-07 Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region Rombolà, Pasquale Barlozzari, Giulia Carvelli, Andrea Scarpulla, Manuela Iacoponi, Francesca Macrì, Gladia PLoS One Research Article Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the dog exposure to L. infantum and to estimate the seroprevalence among owned and kennel dogs, in the Lazio region (central Italy), where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the period 2010–2014, 13,292 sera from kennel and owned dogs were collected by official and private veterinarians. The presence of anti-Leishmania IgG was analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a 1:80 titre cut-off. At the univariable analysis, CanL seropositivity was associated with sex, size, breed, coat length, living with other dogs and forest/semi-natural land cover. At the multivariable analysis, age, ownership and attitude were confirmed as risk factors, being more than 2 years old, owned, and hunting dogs at higher risk. Being a Maremma sheepdog was a protective factor. A true overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2) was estimated in the whole population while 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8–7.8) was estimated in kennel dogs and 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8–77.6) in owned dogs. The role of kennels as a key component for CanL active and passive surveillance was also highlighted. This study confirmed the endemicity of CanL in the Lazio region and focused some factors that can influence the seropositivity of dogs in a Mediterranean region. Public Library of Science 2021-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7781377/ /pubmed/33395452 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244923 Text en © 2021 Rombolà et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rombolà, Pasquale
Barlozzari, Giulia
Carvelli, Andrea
Scarpulla, Manuela
Iacoponi, Francesca
Macrì, Gladia
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title_full Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title_fullStr Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title_short Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region
title_sort seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic mediterranean region
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7781377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33395452
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244923
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