Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus in Children—A Case Report

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)–associated peritonitis constitutes a major complication associated with the procedure. PD-associated peritonitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria, usually as a result of an infection related to the PD catheter, has been reported in adults and is associated with significant complications and poor outcome. The management of PD-associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus is particularly challenging because this species is resistant to many antimicrobials commonly used to treat mycobacterial species. We present here the second reported case of PD-associated peritonitis caused by M. abscessus in children. Our patient was a 9-year-old boy with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who presented with suspected peritonitis, and his PD fluid cultures eventually grew M. abscessus. The patient received a 3-week course of triple therapy with clarithromycin, amikacin, and meropenem in addition to PD catheter removal. The infection completely resolved even though a susceptibility report at the end of treatment revealed that the isolate was resistant to clarithromycin and had decreased susceptibility to carbapenems. Our observations suggest that PD catheter removal is important in PD-associated peritonitis caused by M. abscessus in children and that more studies are needed to define the optimal length of treatment.