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SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7782831/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33398006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00264-6 |
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author | Bachmann, Martin F. Mohsen, Mona O. Zha, Lisha Vogel, Monique Speiser, Daniel E. |
author_facet | Bachmann, Martin F. Mohsen, Mona O. Zha, Lisha Vogel, Monique Speiser, Daniel E. |
author_sort | Bachmann, Martin F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20 or more repetitive, rigid antigenic epitopes, spaced by 5–10 nm, present on the viral surface. Such arrays of repetitive and highly organized structures are recognized by the immune system as pathogen-associated structural patterns (PASPs), which are characteristic for pathogen surfaces. In contrast, coronaviruses are large particles with long spikes (S protein) embedded in a fluid membrane. Therefore, the neutralizing epitopes (which are on the S protein) are loosely “floating” and widely spaced by an average of about 25 nm. Consequently, recruitment of complement is poor and stimulation of B cells remains suboptimal, offering an explanation for the inefficient and short-lived neutralizing antibody responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7782831 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77828312021-01-14 SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses Bachmann, Martin F. Mohsen, Mona O. Zha, Lisha Vogel, Monique Speiser, Daniel E. NPJ Vaccines Comment Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20 or more repetitive, rigid antigenic epitopes, spaced by 5–10 nm, present on the viral surface. Such arrays of repetitive and highly organized structures are recognized by the immune system as pathogen-associated structural patterns (PASPs), which are characteristic for pathogen surfaces. In contrast, coronaviruses are large particles with long spikes (S protein) embedded in a fluid membrane. Therefore, the neutralizing epitopes (which are on the S protein) are loosely “floating” and widely spaced by an average of about 25 nm. Consequently, recruitment of complement is poor and stimulation of B cells remains suboptimal, offering an explanation for the inefficient and short-lived neutralizing antibody responses. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7782831/ /pubmed/33398006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00264-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Comment Bachmann, Martin F. Mohsen, Mona O. Zha, Lisha Vogel, Monique Speiser, Daniel E. SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title | SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses |
topic | Comment |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7782831/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33398006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00264-6 |
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