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Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System
Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Si...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7783311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33414704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.614331 |
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author | Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra Vijay, Anitha Abraham, Daniel Li, Ge Mwangi, Simon Musyoka Srinivasan, Shanthi |
author_facet | Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra Vijay, Anitha Abraham, Daniel Li, Ge Mwangi, Simon Musyoka Srinivasan, Shanthi |
author_sort | Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7783311 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77833112021-01-06 Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra Vijay, Anitha Abraham, Daniel Li, Ge Mwangi, Simon Musyoka Srinivasan, Shanthi Front Neurosci Neuroscience Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7783311/ /pubmed/33414704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.614331 Text en Copyright © 2020 Chandramowlishwaran, Vijay, Abraham, Li, Mwangi and Srinivasan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra Vijay, Anitha Abraham, Daniel Li, Ge Mwangi, Simon Musyoka Srinivasan, Shanthi Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title | Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title_full | Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title_fullStr | Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title_short | Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System |
title_sort | role of sirtuins in modulating neurodegeneration of the enteric nervous system and central nervous system |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7783311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33414704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.614331 |
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