Malocclusion trait and the parafunctional effect among young female school students

Extraneous activities of either the mouth, tongue or the jaw comprise the oral parafunctional habits of the stomatognathic system. This denominated habit is expressed through bruxism, digit sucking, nail biting to name a few, have led to hypothesizing the possible relationship of evolution of occluso-facial abnormalities such as malocclusion thereby hindering the conventional developmental process. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and the possible relationship of parafunctional oral habits with the types of malocclusions among 12–16 years old females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted through questionnaire and clinical examinations, where the sagittal abnormalities within a randomly selected 672 participants who met the eligibility criteria were tabulated and analyzed. A positive history of the presence of parafunctional habit was recorded among all the participants with nasal and mouth breathing [46.6%], nail biting [39.6%] being predominant. 36.4% presented with significantly higher prevalence of bi-maxillary protrusion in mouth breathers while 17.1% with moderate overbite in participants with nail biting habit. Therefore, within the limitations of the present study, the findings do support the literature on the prevalence and the possible association of these habits with the malocclusion development thereby emphasizing on the importance of early recognition, management and prevention of them.