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Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees

When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies,...

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Autores principales: Karadžić, Dragan, Stanivuković, Zoran, Milanović, Slobodan, Sikora, Katarzyna, Radulović, Zlatan, Račko, Vladimír, Kardošová, Monika, Ďurkovič, Jaroslav, Milenković, Ivan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33424888
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
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author Karadžić, Dragan
Stanivuković, Zoran
Milanović, Slobodan
Sikora, Katarzyna
Radulović, Zlatan
Račko, Vladimír
Kardošová, Monika
Ďurkovič, Jaroslav
Milenković, Ivan
author_facet Karadžić, Dragan
Stanivuković, Zoran
Milanović, Slobodan
Sikora, Katarzyna
Radulović, Zlatan
Račko, Vladimír
Kardošová, Monika
Ďurkovič, Jaroslav
Milenković, Ivan
author_sort Karadžić, Dragan
collection PubMed
description When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs.
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spelling pubmed-77857142021-01-07 Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees Karadžić, Dragan Stanivuković, Zoran Milanović, Slobodan Sikora, Katarzyna Radulović, Zlatan Račko, Vladimír Kardošová, Monika Ďurkovič, Jaroslav Milenković, Ivan Front Plant Sci Plant Science When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7785714/ /pubmed/33424888 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260 Text en Copyright © 2020 Karadžić, Stanivuković, Milanović, Sikora, Radulović, Račko, Kardošová, Ďurkovič and Milenković. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Karadžić, Dragan
Stanivuković, Zoran
Milanović, Slobodan
Sikora, Katarzyna
Radulović, Zlatan
Račko, Vladimír
Kardošová, Monika
Ďurkovič, Jaroslav
Milenković, Ivan
Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title_full Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title_fullStr Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title_full_unstemmed Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title_short Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
title_sort development of neonectria punicea pathogenic symptoms in juvenile fraxinus excelsior trees
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33424888
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
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