Cargando…
Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive?
While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females. This review examines the evidence for these sex and gend...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z |
_version_ | 1783632576396656640 |
---|---|
author | Mukherjee, Shreya Pahan, Kalipada |
author_facet | Mukherjee, Shreya Pahan, Kalipada |
author_sort | Mukherjee, Shreya |
collection | PubMed |
description | While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females. This review examines the evidence for these sex and gender differences and aims to illustrate possible mechanisms behind such sensitivity. Successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the body is dependent on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, sex-based differences in the expression of the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 may explain the disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality. Furthermore, these disparities may also be attributed to sex-based difference in immunological responses. Finally, the differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections between men and women may be due to gendered differences in behaviors, such as smoking, and prevalence to comorbidities. An understanding of the sex and gender sensitivities of COVID-19 infection is a necessary component towards the creation of effective treatment options and therapies for the virus. [Figure: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7786186 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77861862021-01-06 Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? Mukherjee, Shreya Pahan, Kalipada J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Invited Review While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females. This review examines the evidence for these sex and gender differences and aims to illustrate possible mechanisms behind such sensitivity. Successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the body is dependent on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, sex-based differences in the expression of the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 may explain the disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality. Furthermore, these disparities may also be attributed to sex-based difference in immunological responses. Finally, the differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections between men and women may be due to gendered differences in behaviors, such as smoking, and prevalence to comorbidities. An understanding of the sex and gender sensitivities of COVID-19 infection is a necessary component towards the creation of effective treatment options and therapies for the virus. [Figure: see text] Springer US 2021-01-06 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7786186/ /pubmed/33405098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Invited Review Mukherjee, Shreya Pahan, Kalipada Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title | Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title_full | Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title_fullStr | Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title_full_unstemmed | Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title_short | Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive? |
title_sort | is covid-19 gender-sensitive? |
topic | Invited Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mukherjeeshreya iscovid19gendersensitive AT pahankalipada iscovid19gendersensitive |