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Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication
Ultrasonic technology was applied to release the phenolics bound with starch and protein matrix in order to enhance total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the sorghum flour. Both the continuous flow and batch ultrasonication were implied with independent variables such as flou...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786600/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33310455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105402 |
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author | Lohani, Umesh C. Muthukumarappan, K. |
author_facet | Lohani, Umesh C. Muthukumarappan, K. |
author_sort | Lohani, Umesh C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ultrasonic technology was applied to release the phenolics bound with starch and protein matrix in order to enhance total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the sorghum flour. Both the continuous flow and batch ultrasonication were implied with independent variables such as flour to water ratio (FWR), ultrasonication intensity (UI), and ultrasonication time (UT) with an additional variable as flow rate (FR) in continuous flow ultrasonication. All the process variables showed a significant effect on the corresponding ultrasonication process. The optimal conditions for the continuous flow ultrasonication were a FWR of 10% w/v, an UI of 20 W/cm(2), an UT of 130 s, and 15 ml/s FR which produced a maximum values of 70.9 mg GAE/100 g dry matter (d.m.) for TPC and 143.9 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for AA. Regarding the batch ultrasonication, the maximum values were 65.6 mg GAE/100 g d.m. and 141.0 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for TPC and AA, respectively at optimum conditions of 10% w/v FWR, 30 W/cm(2) UI, and 200 s UT. When comparing with the batch ultrasonication, the continuous flow process saved 35% time and 33% of energy consumption to obtain comparatively higher TPC and AA of the sorghum flour. Ultrasonication improved free phenolic acid content by releasing bound phenolics in the sorghum flour. Impact of various process parameters on specific energy was analyzed during both the processes, and influence of energy on TPC and AA of the sorghum flour was also observed for the batch and continuous flow ultrasonication. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7786600 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77866002021-01-06 Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication Lohani, Umesh C. Muthukumarappan, K. Ultrason Sonochem Original Research Article Ultrasonic technology was applied to release the phenolics bound with starch and protein matrix in order to enhance total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the sorghum flour. Both the continuous flow and batch ultrasonication were implied with independent variables such as flour to water ratio (FWR), ultrasonication intensity (UI), and ultrasonication time (UT) with an additional variable as flow rate (FR) in continuous flow ultrasonication. All the process variables showed a significant effect on the corresponding ultrasonication process. The optimal conditions for the continuous flow ultrasonication were a FWR of 10% w/v, an UI of 20 W/cm(2), an UT of 130 s, and 15 ml/s FR which produced a maximum values of 70.9 mg GAE/100 g dry matter (d.m.) for TPC and 143.9 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for AA. Regarding the batch ultrasonication, the maximum values were 65.6 mg GAE/100 g d.m. and 141.0 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for TPC and AA, respectively at optimum conditions of 10% w/v FWR, 30 W/cm(2) UI, and 200 s UT. When comparing with the batch ultrasonication, the continuous flow process saved 35% time and 33% of energy consumption to obtain comparatively higher TPC and AA of the sorghum flour. Ultrasonication improved free phenolic acid content by releasing bound phenolics in the sorghum flour. Impact of various process parameters on specific energy was analyzed during both the processes, and influence of energy on TPC and AA of the sorghum flour was also observed for the batch and continuous flow ultrasonication. Elsevier 2020-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7786600/ /pubmed/33310455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105402 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Article Lohani, Umesh C. Muthukumarappan, K. Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title | Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title_full | Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title_fullStr | Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title_full_unstemmed | Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title_short | Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
title_sort | study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication |
topic | Original Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786600/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33310455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105402 |
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