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Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran

Background: Older adults are at higher risk for severe illness and death associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As Iran was affected by COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population soon were told to self-isolate for a very long time. We aimed to identify the coverage, efficacy, and integr...

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Autores principales: Shati, Mohsen, Alami, Ali, Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe, Eybpoosh, Sana, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Moghadam, Manije
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Iran University of Medical Sciences 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33437748
http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.34.152
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author Shati, Mohsen
Alami, Ali
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Eybpoosh, Sana
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Moghadam, Manije
author_facet Shati, Mohsen
Alami, Ali
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Eybpoosh, Sana
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Moghadam, Manije
author_sort Shati, Mohsen
collection PubMed
description Background: Older adults are at higher risk for severe illness and death associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As Iran was affected by COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population soon were told to self-isolate for a very long time. We aimed to identify the coverage, efficacy, and integrity of self-isolation and its predictors in the Iranian older adults (≥60 years) from February 19 to 19 March 2020. Methods: Quota sampling was performed to recruit respondents from 16 cities that were selected based on their population size (4, 7, and 5 cities for localities with ≤500 000, 500 000-1 000 000, and ≥1 000 000 populations) and geographical direction (West = 4 cities; North, East, South, Center = 3 each). At least 30 respondents per locality were selected. Phone interviews of 558 respondents (out of 560; response rate = 99.6%) were performed by local trained interviewers using a validated interview form. Association between age, sex, and living condition (with family vs alone) was assessed with Pearson Chi Square and logistic regression analyses. Results: Complete self-isolation was reported by 61% of the respondents. In 72%, self-isolation led to 80%-100% contact reduction. Self-isolation was broken by 26% of the respondents. Females had better self-isolation behaviors (OR adjusted: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.3) and higher contact reduction rates (p: 0.067). They kept the integrity of self-isolation better (OR adjusted: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7). Those aged older than 80 years were 2.3-folds more likely to completely self-isolate than younger elderly (95% CI adjusted: 1.2, 4.3). Living alone did not significantly predict self-isolation features in the elderly. Conclusion: About one third of the interviewed Iranian older adults did not adhere to important self-isolation measures, with males and younger ages showing lower adherence. With the relaxation of social distancing measures, protection measures of the elderly should be strengthened. Given that prolonged self-isolation adversely affects physical and mental health status of the elderly, it is highly recommended to think of creative and gender-specific methods that best tailor the needs of this population in Iran.
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spelling pubmed-77870482021-01-11 Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran Shati, Mohsen Alami, Ali Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe Eybpoosh, Sana Emamian, Mohammad Hassan Moghadam, Manije Med J Islam Repub Iran Original Article Background: Older adults are at higher risk for severe illness and death associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As Iran was affected by COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population soon were told to self-isolate for a very long time. We aimed to identify the coverage, efficacy, and integrity of self-isolation and its predictors in the Iranian older adults (≥60 years) from February 19 to 19 March 2020. Methods: Quota sampling was performed to recruit respondents from 16 cities that were selected based on their population size (4, 7, and 5 cities for localities with ≤500 000, 500 000-1 000 000, and ≥1 000 000 populations) and geographical direction (West = 4 cities; North, East, South, Center = 3 each). At least 30 respondents per locality were selected. Phone interviews of 558 respondents (out of 560; response rate = 99.6%) were performed by local trained interviewers using a validated interview form. Association between age, sex, and living condition (with family vs alone) was assessed with Pearson Chi Square and logistic regression analyses. Results: Complete self-isolation was reported by 61% of the respondents. In 72%, self-isolation led to 80%-100% contact reduction. Self-isolation was broken by 26% of the respondents. Females had better self-isolation behaviors (OR adjusted: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.3) and higher contact reduction rates (p: 0.067). They kept the integrity of self-isolation better (OR adjusted: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7). Those aged older than 80 years were 2.3-folds more likely to completely self-isolate than younger elderly (95% CI adjusted: 1.2, 4.3). Living alone did not significantly predict self-isolation features in the elderly. Conclusion: About one third of the interviewed Iranian older adults did not adhere to important self-isolation measures, with males and younger ages showing lower adherence. With the relaxation of social distancing measures, protection measures of the elderly should be strengthened. Given that prolonged self-isolation adversely affects physical and mental health status of the elderly, it is highly recommended to think of creative and gender-specific methods that best tailor the needs of this population in Iran. Iran University of Medical Sciences 2020-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7787048/ /pubmed/33437748 http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.34.152 Text en © 2020 Iran University of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 License (CC BY-NC-SA 1.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
spellingShingle Original Article
Shati, Mohsen
Alami, Ali
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Eybpoosh, Sana
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Moghadam, Manije
Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title_full Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title_fullStr Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title_short Adherence to Self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A phone survey in Iran
title_sort adherence to self-isolation measures by older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) epidemic: a phone survey in iran
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33437748
http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.34.152
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