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Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands

BACKGROUND: The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne pathogens. A...

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Autores principales: Kojin, Bianca B., Martin-Martin, Ines, Araújo, Helena R. C., Bonilla, Brian, Molina-Cruz, Alvaro, Calvo, Eric, Capurro, Margareth L., Adelman, Zach N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33407511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6
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author Kojin, Bianca B.
Martin-Martin, Ines
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Bonilla, Brian
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Calvo, Eric
Capurro, Margareth L.
Adelman, Zach N.
author_facet Kojin, Bianca B.
Martin-Martin, Ines
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Bonilla, Brian
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Calvo, Eric
Capurro, Margareth L.
Adelman, Zach N.
author_sort Kojin, Bianca B.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne pathogens. Antibodies directed against the mosquito salivary gland protein SGS1 have been shown to reduce Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands, but the specific role of this protein in sporozoite invasion and in other stages of the Plasmodium life cycle remains unknown. METHODS: RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to evaluate the role of A. aegypti SGS1 in the P. gallinaceum life cycle. RESULTS: Knockdown and knockout of SGS1 disrupted sporozoite invasion of the salivary gland. Interestingly, mosquitoes lacking SGS1 also displayed fewer oocysts. Proteomic analyses confirmed the abolishment of SGS1 in the salivary gland of SGS1 knockout mosquitoes and revealed that the C-terminus of the protein is absent in the salivary gland of control mosquitoes. In silico analyses indicated that SGS1 contains two potential internal cleavage sites and thus might generate three proteins. CONCLUSION: SGS1 facilitates, but is not essential for, invasion of A. aegypti salivary glands by P. gallinaceum and has a dual role as a facilitator of parasite development in the mosquito midgut. SGS1 could, therefore, be part of a strategy to decrease malaria transmission by the mosquito vector, for example in a transgenic mosquito that blocks its interaction with the parasite.
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spelling pubmed-77871292021-01-07 Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands Kojin, Bianca B. Martin-Martin, Ines Araújo, Helena R. C. Bonilla, Brian Molina-Cruz, Alvaro Calvo, Eric Capurro, Margareth L. Adelman, Zach N. Malar J Research BACKGROUND: The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne pathogens. Antibodies directed against the mosquito salivary gland protein SGS1 have been shown to reduce Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands, but the specific role of this protein in sporozoite invasion and in other stages of the Plasmodium life cycle remains unknown. METHODS: RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to evaluate the role of A. aegypti SGS1 in the P. gallinaceum life cycle. RESULTS: Knockdown and knockout of SGS1 disrupted sporozoite invasion of the salivary gland. Interestingly, mosquitoes lacking SGS1 also displayed fewer oocysts. Proteomic analyses confirmed the abolishment of SGS1 in the salivary gland of SGS1 knockout mosquitoes and revealed that the C-terminus of the protein is absent in the salivary gland of control mosquitoes. In silico analyses indicated that SGS1 contains two potential internal cleavage sites and thus might generate three proteins. CONCLUSION: SGS1 facilitates, but is not essential for, invasion of A. aegypti salivary glands by P. gallinaceum and has a dual role as a facilitator of parasite development in the mosquito midgut. SGS1 could, therefore, be part of a strategy to decrease malaria transmission by the mosquito vector, for example in a transgenic mosquito that blocks its interaction with the parasite. BioMed Central 2021-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7787129/ /pubmed/33407511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Kojin, Bianca B.
Martin-Martin, Ines
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Bonilla, Brian
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Calvo, Eric
Capurro, Margareth L.
Adelman, Zach N.
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title_full Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title_fullStr Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title_full_unstemmed Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title_short Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
title_sort aedes aegypti sgs1 is critical for plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33407511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6
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