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An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast
Despite a long-documented history of severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) in New England coastal waters, corresponding HAB-associated marine mammal mortality events in this region are far less frequent or severe relative to other regions where HABs are common. This long-term survey of the HAB toxins s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243570 |
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author | Fire, Spencer E. Bogomolni, Andrea DiGiovanni, Robert A. Early, Greg Leighfield, Tod A. Matassa, Keith Miller, Glenn A. Moore, Kathleen M. T. Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Pugliares, Katie Wang, Zhihong Wenzel, Frederick W. |
author_facet | Fire, Spencer E. Bogomolni, Andrea DiGiovanni, Robert A. Early, Greg Leighfield, Tod A. Matassa, Keith Miller, Glenn A. Moore, Kathleen M. T. Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Pugliares, Katie Wang, Zhihong Wenzel, Frederick W. |
author_sort | Fire, Spencer E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite a long-documented history of severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) in New England coastal waters, corresponding HAB-associated marine mammal mortality events in this region are far less frequent or severe relative to other regions where HABs are common. This long-term survey of the HAB toxins saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA) demonstrates significant and widespread exposure of these toxins in New England marine mammals, across multiple geographic, temporal and taxonomic groups. Overall, 19% of the 458 animals tested positive for one or more toxins, with 15% and 7% testing positive for STX and DA, respectively. 74% of the 23 different species analyzed demonstrated evidence of toxin exposure. STX was most prevalent in Maine coastal waters, most frequently detected in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), and most often detected during July and October. DA was most prevalent in animals sampled in offshore locations and in bycaught animals, and most frequently detected in mysticetes, with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) testing positive at the highest rates. Feces and urine appeared to be the sample matrices most useful for determining the presence of toxins in an exposed animal, with feces samples having the highest concentrations of STX or DA. No relationship was found between the bloom season of toxin-producing phytoplankton and toxin detection rates, however STX was more likely to be present in July and October. No relationship between marine mammal dietary preference and frequency of toxin detection was observed. These findings are an important part of a framework for assessing future marine mammal morbidity and mortality events, as well as monitoring ecosystem health using marine mammals as sentinel organisms for predicting coastal ocean changes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7787384 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77873842021-01-13 An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast Fire, Spencer E. Bogomolni, Andrea DiGiovanni, Robert A. Early, Greg Leighfield, Tod A. Matassa, Keith Miller, Glenn A. Moore, Kathleen M. T. Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Pugliares, Katie Wang, Zhihong Wenzel, Frederick W. PLoS One Research Article Despite a long-documented history of severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) in New England coastal waters, corresponding HAB-associated marine mammal mortality events in this region are far less frequent or severe relative to other regions where HABs are common. This long-term survey of the HAB toxins saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA) demonstrates significant and widespread exposure of these toxins in New England marine mammals, across multiple geographic, temporal and taxonomic groups. Overall, 19% of the 458 animals tested positive for one or more toxins, with 15% and 7% testing positive for STX and DA, respectively. 74% of the 23 different species analyzed demonstrated evidence of toxin exposure. STX was most prevalent in Maine coastal waters, most frequently detected in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), and most often detected during July and October. DA was most prevalent in animals sampled in offshore locations and in bycaught animals, and most frequently detected in mysticetes, with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) testing positive at the highest rates. Feces and urine appeared to be the sample matrices most useful for determining the presence of toxins in an exposed animal, with feces samples having the highest concentrations of STX or DA. No relationship was found between the bloom season of toxin-producing phytoplankton and toxin detection rates, however STX was more likely to be present in July and October. No relationship between marine mammal dietary preference and frequency of toxin detection was observed. These findings are an important part of a framework for assessing future marine mammal morbidity and mortality events, as well as monitoring ecosystem health using marine mammals as sentinel organisms for predicting coastal ocean changes. Public Library of Science 2021-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7787384/ /pubmed/33406141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243570 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Fire, Spencer E. Bogomolni, Andrea DiGiovanni, Robert A. Early, Greg Leighfield, Tod A. Matassa, Keith Miller, Glenn A. Moore, Kathleen M. T. Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Pugliares, Katie Wang, Zhihong Wenzel, Frederick W. An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title | An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title_full | An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title_fullStr | An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title_full_unstemmed | An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title_short | An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast |
title_sort | assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the u.s. new england coast |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243570 |
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