Evaluation of Urinary Sphincter Function by Rapid Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a rapid diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluation of the female urinary sphincter function based on differentiation between rest and muscle contraction. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lower pelvis was performed at 3 Tesla in 10 healthy female volunteers (21–36 years; body mass index, 20.8±3.6 kg/m(2)) between June and July 2019. High-resolution T1- and T2-weighted images were acquired for anatomical reference, and following DTI performed in 4 experiment phases: twice during rest (denoted rest-1, rest-2) and contraction (contraction-1, contraction-2). Manual segmentation of the urinary sphincter and the levator ani muscles were performed by 2 independent readers. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived from DTI volumes were compared in search for significant differences between the experiment phases. Interreader agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between MD values among all the experiment phases, by both independent readers (1st: X(2) [3,76]=17.16, P<0.001 and 2nd: X(2) [3,76]=15.88, P<0.01). Post hoc analysis revealed differences in MD values by both readers between: rest-1 vs. contraction-1 (least P<0.05), rest-1 vs. contraction-2 (P<0.01), rest-2 vs. contraction-1 (P<0.03), rest-2 vs. contraction-2 (P=0.02) with overall mean ‘rest’ to ‘contraction’ ΔMD=20.6%. No MD or FA differences were found between rest-1 vs. rest-2 and contraction-1 vs. contraction-2 among all the experiment phases, and interreader agreement was ICC=0.85 (MD) and ICC=0.79 (FA). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid DTI might prospectively act as a supporting tool for the evaluation of female pelvic floor muscle function, and incontinence assessment.