Prebiotics can change immunomodulatory properties of probiotics

Beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics are mainly related to modulation of compositions and activities of gut microbiota as well as manipulation of immunological reactivity in autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we examined whether metabolic products from different strains of Lactobacillus brevis cultured with different prebiotics have similar immunomodulating properties on immune cells under normal and inflammatory conditions, using mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Two strains of Lactobacillus brevis (3448 and 8429) were cultured with four different prebiotics, such as xylooligosaccharides, inulin, pectin, and chitosan. Sterile supernatants containing different metabolic products have been used for direct treatment of cell cultures prepared from CII-immunized mice and non-immunized (control mice). Our results showed that metabolic products from XOS decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in both cultures from immunized and non-immunized mice. In contrast, metabolic products from inulin, pectin, and chitosan increased concentrations of these cytokines with highest values for pectin. Neither of investigated prebiotics influenced the secretion of IL-10. In addition, we found changes in the percentage of macrophages, which were different for the tested prebiotics. Also, metabolic products from pectin and chitosan caused loss of T-cells (CD3+) and increased percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and CD8(+)CD279(+) anergic T cells. Hence, our data indicate that immunomodulating properties of probiotics are strain-specific and prebiotic-dependent.