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Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals
Acanthamoeba is a free-living protist pathogen, which is present in every place on Earth. 50 to 100 percent of the adult population has serum antibodies, specific for Acanthamoeba antigens. Acanthamoeba is an etiological agent of keratitis and encephalitis diagnosed in human. Acanthamoeba keratitis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Termedia Publishing House
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33456336 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2020.97667 |
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author | BORECKA, ANNA BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD, AGATA SKOTARCZAK, BOGUMIŁA ADAMSKA, MAŁGORZATA CIEŚLIK, PIOTR ANTOS-BIELSKA, MAŁGORZATA SKOPIŃSKA-RÓŻEWSKA, EWA DONSKOW-ŁYSONIEWSKA, KATARZYNA |
author_facet | BORECKA, ANNA BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD, AGATA SKOTARCZAK, BOGUMIŁA ADAMSKA, MAŁGORZATA CIEŚLIK, PIOTR ANTOS-BIELSKA, MAŁGORZATA SKOPIŃSKA-RÓŻEWSKA, EWA DONSKOW-ŁYSONIEWSKA, KATARZYNA |
author_sort | BORECKA, ANNA |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acanthamoeba is a free-living protist pathogen, which is present in every place on Earth. 50 to 100 percent of the adult population has serum antibodies, specific for Acanthamoeba antigens. Acanthamoeba is an etiological agent of keratitis and encephalitis diagnosed in human. Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in healthy persons and may lead to visual impairment and blindness, because corneal infection with this parasite fails to induce cell-mediated immune response due to the absence of resident antigen-presenting cells in the cornea. Systemic immunization with Acanthamoeba antigens induces Th1 cell-mediated immunity and serum IgG antibody, but do not prevent the development of keratitis. Immunization via mucosal surfaces stimulates IgA antibodies in tears and protects against the development of keratitis. Amoebae feed mainly on bacteria, fungi, and algae. By transferring intracellular bacteria, amoeba contributes to the spread of diseases dangerous to humans. Some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to protist, since they are not internalized or able to survive, grow, and exit free-living protists after internalization. In many cases, the bacteria inside living amoebae survive longer, and multiply better, showing higher virulence. There is a hypothesis, which assumes that Acanthamoeba and symbiontic bacteria survive and multiply better in moist soil, rich in nitrogen compounds, particularly in the vicinity of the root systems of Alnus glutinosa, infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Frankia alni. Impact of soil environment created by nitrogen-fixing bacterium Frankia alni on specific relations between protists Acanthamoeba and highly pathogenic bacteria strains in Alnus glutinosa habitats in Poland continue to be established. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7792437 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77924372021-01-15 Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals BORECKA, ANNA BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD, AGATA SKOTARCZAK, BOGUMIŁA ADAMSKA, MAŁGORZATA CIEŚLIK, PIOTR ANTOS-BIELSKA, MAŁGORZATA SKOPIŃSKA-RÓŻEWSKA, EWA DONSKOW-ŁYSONIEWSKA, KATARZYNA Cent Eur J Immunol Review Paper Acanthamoeba is a free-living protist pathogen, which is present in every place on Earth. 50 to 100 percent of the adult population has serum antibodies, specific for Acanthamoeba antigens. Acanthamoeba is an etiological agent of keratitis and encephalitis diagnosed in human. Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in healthy persons and may lead to visual impairment and blindness, because corneal infection with this parasite fails to induce cell-mediated immune response due to the absence of resident antigen-presenting cells in the cornea. Systemic immunization with Acanthamoeba antigens induces Th1 cell-mediated immunity and serum IgG antibody, but do not prevent the development of keratitis. Immunization via mucosal surfaces stimulates IgA antibodies in tears and protects against the development of keratitis. Amoebae feed mainly on bacteria, fungi, and algae. By transferring intracellular bacteria, amoeba contributes to the spread of diseases dangerous to humans. Some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to protist, since they are not internalized or able to survive, grow, and exit free-living protists after internalization. In many cases, the bacteria inside living amoebae survive longer, and multiply better, showing higher virulence. There is a hypothesis, which assumes that Acanthamoeba and symbiontic bacteria survive and multiply better in moist soil, rich in nitrogen compounds, particularly in the vicinity of the root systems of Alnus glutinosa, infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Frankia alni. Impact of soil environment created by nitrogen-fixing bacterium Frankia alni on specific relations between protists Acanthamoeba and highly pathogenic bacteria strains in Alnus glutinosa habitats in Poland continue to be established. Termedia Publishing House 2020-07-27 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7792437/ /pubmed/33456336 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2020.97667 Text en Copyright © 2020 Termedia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Review Paper BORECKA, ANNA BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD, AGATA SKOTARCZAK, BOGUMIŁA ADAMSKA, MAŁGORZATA CIEŚLIK, PIOTR ANTOS-BIELSKA, MAŁGORZATA SKOPIŃSKA-RÓŻEWSKA, EWA DONSKOW-ŁYSONIEWSKA, KATARZYNA Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title | Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title_full | Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title_fullStr | Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title_full_unstemmed | Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title_short | Acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
title_sort | acanthamoeba – pathogen and vector of highly pathogenic bacteria strains to healthy and immunocompromised individuals |
topic | Review Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33456336 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2020.97667 |
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