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Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were coll...

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Autores principales: Niaz, Sadaf, Ur Rahman, Zia, Ali, Ijaz, Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel, Amaro-Estrada, Itzel, Alanazi, Abdullah D., Khattak, Irfan, Zeb, Jehan, Nasreen, Nasreen, Khan, Adil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: EDP Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33416491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020075
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author Niaz, Sadaf
Ur Rahman, Zia
Ali, Ijaz
Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel
Amaro-Estrada, Itzel
Alanazi, Abdullah D.
Khattak, Irfan
Zeb, Jehan
Nasreen, Nasreen
Khan, Adil
author_facet Niaz, Sadaf
Ur Rahman, Zia
Ali, Ijaz
Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel
Amaro-Estrada, Itzel
Alanazi, Abdullah D.
Khattak, Irfan
Zeb, Jehan
Nasreen, Nasreen
Khan, Adil
author_sort Niaz, Sadaf
collection PubMed
description This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p < 0.005). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that host, age, grazing system and acaricide treatment were significant determinants (p < 0.05) for both Theileria and Anaplasma infections. Multivariable analysis revealed that host, sex, age, tick infestation and grazing system were significant risk factors (p < 0.005) for both pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants among the A. ovis and T. annulata samples analysed, indicating that different genotypes are circulating in the field while T. ovis presented the same genotype for the samples analysed.
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spelling pubmed-77924982021-01-11 Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan Niaz, Sadaf Ur Rahman, Zia Ali, Ijaz Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel Amaro-Estrada, Itzel Alanazi, Abdullah D. Khattak, Irfan Zeb, Jehan Nasreen, Nasreen Khan, Adil Parasite Research Article This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p < 0.005). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that host, age, grazing system and acaricide treatment were significant determinants (p < 0.05) for both Theileria and Anaplasma infections. Multivariable analysis revealed that host, sex, age, tick infestation and grazing system were significant risk factors (p < 0.005) for both pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants among the A. ovis and T. annulata samples analysed, indicating that different genotypes are circulating in the field while T. ovis presented the same genotype for the samples analysed. EDP Sciences 2021-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7792498/ /pubmed/33416491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020075 Text en © S. Niaz et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Niaz, Sadaf
Ur Rahman, Zia
Ali, Ijaz
Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel
Amaro-Estrada, Itzel
Alanazi, Abdullah D.
Khattak, Irfan
Zeb, Jehan
Nasreen, Nasreen
Khan, Adil
Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title_full Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title_fullStr Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title_short Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
title_sort molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of anaplasma spp. and theileria spp. in small ruminants in northern pakistan
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33416491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020075
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