Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patien...

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Autores principales: Moradian, Negar, Gouravani, Mahdi, Salehi, Mohammad Amin, Heidari, Arash, Shafeghat, Melika, Hamblin, Michael R., Rezaei, Nima
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Libbey Eurotext 2021
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33361013
http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0451
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author Moradian, Negar
Gouravani, Mahdi
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Heidari, Arash
Shafeghat, Melika
Hamblin, Michael R.
Rezaei, Nima
author_facet Moradian, Negar
Gouravani, Mahdi
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Heidari, Arash
Shafeghat, Melika
Hamblin, Michael R.
Rezaei, Nima
author_sort Moradian, Negar
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-77925542021-01-08 Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality Moradian, Negar Gouravani, Mahdi Salehi, Mohammad Amin Heidari, Arash Shafeghat, Melika Hamblin, Michael R. Rezaei, Nima Eur Cytokine Netw Review Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed. John Libbey Eurotext 2021-01-08 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7792554/ /pubmed/33361013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0451 Text en © JLE/Springer 2020 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review
Moradian, Negar
Gouravani, Mahdi
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Heidari, Arash
Shafeghat, Melika
Hamblin, Michael R.
Rezaei, Nima
Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title_full Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title_fullStr Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title_full_unstemmed Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title_short Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality
title_sort cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing covid-19 mortality
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7792554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33361013
http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0451
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