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Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran
A comprehensive study was carried out to measure indoor radon/thoron concentrations in 78 dwellings and soil-gas radon in the city of Mashhad, Iran during two seasons, using two common radon monitoring devices (NRPB and RADUET). In the winter, indoor radon concentrations measured between 75 ± 11 to...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7794745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33379145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010141 |
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author | Adelikhah, Mohammademad Shahrokhi, Amin Imani, Morteza Chalupnik, Stanislaw Kovács, Tibor |
author_facet | Adelikhah, Mohammademad Shahrokhi, Amin Imani, Morteza Chalupnik, Stanislaw Kovács, Tibor |
author_sort | Adelikhah, Mohammademad |
collection | PubMed |
description | A comprehensive study was carried out to measure indoor radon/thoron concentrations in 78 dwellings and soil-gas radon in the city of Mashhad, Iran during two seasons, using two common radon monitoring devices (NRPB and RADUET). In the winter, indoor radon concentrations measured between 75 ± 11 to 376 ± 24 Bq·m(−3) (mean: 150 ± 19 Bq m(−3)), whereas indoor thoron concentrations ranged from below the Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) to 166 ± 10 Bq·m(−3) (mean: 66 ± 8 Bq m(−3)), while radon and thoron concentrations in summer fell between 50 ± 11 and 305 ± 24 Bq·m(−3) (mean 115 ± 18 Bq m(−3)) and from below the LLD to 122 ± 10 Bq m(−3) (mean 48 ± 6 Bq·m(−3)), respectively. The annual average effective dose was estimated to be 3.7 ± 0.5 mSv yr(−1). The soil-gas radon concentrations fell within the range from 1.07 ± 0.28 to 8.02 ± 0.65 kBq·m(−3) (mean 3.07 ± 1.09 kBq·m(−3)). Finally, indoor radon maps were generated by ArcGIS software over a grid of 1 × 1 km(2) using three different interpolation techniques. In grid cells where no data was observed, the arithmetic mean was used to predict a mean indoor radon concentration. Accordingly, inverse distance weighting (IDW) was proven to be more suitable for predicting mean indoor radon concentrations due to the lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Meanwhile, the radiation health risk due to the residential exposure to radon and indoor gamma radiation exposure was also assessed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7794745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77947452021-01-10 Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran Adelikhah, Mohammademad Shahrokhi, Amin Imani, Morteza Chalupnik, Stanislaw Kovács, Tibor Int J Environ Res Public Health Article A comprehensive study was carried out to measure indoor radon/thoron concentrations in 78 dwellings and soil-gas radon in the city of Mashhad, Iran during two seasons, using two common radon monitoring devices (NRPB and RADUET). In the winter, indoor radon concentrations measured between 75 ± 11 to 376 ± 24 Bq·m(−3) (mean: 150 ± 19 Bq m(−3)), whereas indoor thoron concentrations ranged from below the Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) to 166 ± 10 Bq·m(−3) (mean: 66 ± 8 Bq m(−3)), while radon and thoron concentrations in summer fell between 50 ± 11 and 305 ± 24 Bq·m(−3) (mean 115 ± 18 Bq m(−3)) and from below the LLD to 122 ± 10 Bq m(−3) (mean 48 ± 6 Bq·m(−3)), respectively. The annual average effective dose was estimated to be 3.7 ± 0.5 mSv yr(−1). The soil-gas radon concentrations fell within the range from 1.07 ± 0.28 to 8.02 ± 0.65 kBq·m(−3) (mean 3.07 ± 1.09 kBq·m(−3)). Finally, indoor radon maps were generated by ArcGIS software over a grid of 1 × 1 km(2) using three different interpolation techniques. In grid cells where no data was observed, the arithmetic mean was used to predict a mean indoor radon concentration. Accordingly, inverse distance weighting (IDW) was proven to be more suitable for predicting mean indoor radon concentrations due to the lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Meanwhile, the radiation health risk due to the residential exposure to radon and indoor gamma radiation exposure was also assessed. MDPI 2020-12-28 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7794745/ /pubmed/33379145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010141 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Adelikhah, Mohammademad Shahrokhi, Amin Imani, Morteza Chalupnik, Stanislaw Kovács, Tibor Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title | Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title_full | Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title_fullStr | Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title_short | Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran |
title_sort | radiological assessment of indoor radon and thoron concentrations and indoor radon map of dwellings in mashhad, iran |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7794745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33379145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010141 |
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