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Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces
There is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7795822/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33383864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010178 |
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author | Yan, Tianfang Kameda, Seiji Suzuki, Katsuyoshi Kaiju, Taro Inoue, Masato Suzuki, Takafumi Hirata, Masayuki |
author_facet | Yan, Tianfang Kameda, Seiji Suzuki, Katsuyoshi Kaiju, Taro Inoue, Masato Suzuki, Takafumi Hirata, Masayuki |
author_sort | Yan, Tianfang |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including chronic tissue response to subdural electrodes and a fully implantable wireless BMI device. We implanted a half-sized fully implantable device with subdural electrodes in six beagles for 6 months. Histological analysis of the surrounding tissues, including the dural membrane and cortices, was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic implantation. Our results showed no adverse events, including infectious signs, throughout the 6-month implantation period. Thick connective tissue proliferation was found in the surrounding tissues in the epidural space and subcutaneous space. Quantitative measures of subdural reactive tissues showed minimal encapsulation between the electrodes and the underlying cortex. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no significant difference in the cell densities of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between the implanted sites and contralateral sites. In conclusion, we established a beagle model to evaluate cortical implantable devices. We confirmed that a fully implantable wireless device and subdural electrodes could be stably maintained with sufficient biocompatibility in vivo. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7795822 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77958222021-01-10 Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces Yan, Tianfang Kameda, Seiji Suzuki, Katsuyoshi Kaiju, Taro Inoue, Masato Suzuki, Takafumi Hirata, Masayuki Sensors (Basel) Article There is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including chronic tissue response to subdural electrodes and a fully implantable wireless BMI device. We implanted a half-sized fully implantable device with subdural electrodes in six beagles for 6 months. Histological analysis of the surrounding tissues, including the dural membrane and cortices, was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic implantation. Our results showed no adverse events, including infectious signs, throughout the 6-month implantation period. Thick connective tissue proliferation was found in the surrounding tissues in the epidural space and subcutaneous space. Quantitative measures of subdural reactive tissues showed minimal encapsulation between the electrodes and the underlying cortex. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no significant difference in the cell densities of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between the implanted sites and contralateral sites. In conclusion, we established a beagle model to evaluate cortical implantable devices. We confirmed that a fully implantable wireless device and subdural electrodes could be stably maintained with sufficient biocompatibility in vivo. MDPI 2020-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7795822/ /pubmed/33383864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010178 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yan, Tianfang Kameda, Seiji Suzuki, Katsuyoshi Kaiju, Taro Inoue, Masato Suzuki, Takafumi Hirata, Masayuki Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title_full | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title_fullStr | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title_full_unstemmed | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title_short | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
title_sort | minimal tissue reaction after chronic subdural electrode implantation for fully implantable brain–machine interfaces |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7795822/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33383864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010178 |
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