Cargando…
Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations
For more than ten years, new synthetic cathinones (SCs) mimicking the effects of controlled cocaine-like stimulants have flooded the illegal drug market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. There are often no data on the pharmacokinetics of these substances when they first emerge onto the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33379373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010230 |
_version_ | 1783634631248052224 |
---|---|
author | Carlier, Jeremy Diao, Xingxing Giorgetti, Raffaele Busardò, Francesco P. Huestis, Marilyn A. |
author_facet | Carlier, Jeremy Diao, Xingxing Giorgetti, Raffaele Busardò, Francesco P. Huestis, Marilyn A. |
author_sort | Carlier, Jeremy |
collection | PubMed |
description | For more than ten years, new synthetic cathinones (SCs) mimicking the effects of controlled cocaine-like stimulants have flooded the illegal drug market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. There are often no data on the pharmacokinetics of these substances when they first emerge onto the market. However, the detection of SC metabolites is often critical in order to prove consumption in clinical and forensic settings. In this research, the metabolite profile of two pyrrolidinyl SCs, α-pyrrolidinohexaphenone (α-PHP) and 4′′-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4F-α-PVP), were characterized to identify optimal intake markers. Experiments were conducted using pooled human hepatocyte incubations followed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and data-mining software. We suggest α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, α-PHP hexanol, α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of α-PHP use, and 4F-α-PVP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, 4F-α-PVP hexanol, 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of 4F-α-PVP use. These results represent the first data available on 4F-α-PVP metabolism. The metabolic fate of α-PHP was previously studied using human liver microsomes and urine samples from α-PHP users. We identified an additional major metabolite (α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl) that might be crucial for documenting exposure to α-PHP. Further experiments with suitable analytical standards, which are yet to be synthesized, and authentic specimens should be conducted to confirm these results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7796222 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77962222021-01-10 Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations Carlier, Jeremy Diao, Xingxing Giorgetti, Raffaele Busardò, Francesco P. Huestis, Marilyn A. Int J Mol Sci Article For more than ten years, new synthetic cathinones (SCs) mimicking the effects of controlled cocaine-like stimulants have flooded the illegal drug market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. There are often no data on the pharmacokinetics of these substances when they first emerge onto the market. However, the detection of SC metabolites is often critical in order to prove consumption in clinical and forensic settings. In this research, the metabolite profile of two pyrrolidinyl SCs, α-pyrrolidinohexaphenone (α-PHP) and 4′′-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4F-α-PVP), were characterized to identify optimal intake markers. Experiments were conducted using pooled human hepatocyte incubations followed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and data-mining software. We suggest α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, α-PHP hexanol, α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of α-PHP use, and 4F-α-PVP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, 4F-α-PVP hexanol, 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of 4F-α-PVP use. These results represent the first data available on 4F-α-PVP metabolism. The metabolic fate of α-PHP was previously studied using human liver microsomes and urine samples from α-PHP users. We identified an additional major metabolite (α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl) that might be crucial for documenting exposure to α-PHP. Further experiments with suitable analytical standards, which are yet to be synthesized, and authentic specimens should be conducted to confirm these results. MDPI 2020-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7796222/ /pubmed/33379373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010230 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Carlier, Jeremy Diao, Xingxing Giorgetti, Raffaele Busardò, Francesco P. Huestis, Marilyn A. Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title | Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title_full | Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title_fullStr | Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title_full_unstemmed | Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title_short | Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations |
title_sort | pyrrolidinyl synthetic cathinones α-php and 4f-α-pvp metabolite profiling using human hepatocyte incubations |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33379373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010230 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT carlierjeremy pyrrolidinylsyntheticcathinonesaphpand4fapvpmetaboliteprofilingusinghumanhepatocyteincubations AT diaoxingxing pyrrolidinylsyntheticcathinonesaphpand4fapvpmetaboliteprofilingusinghumanhepatocyteincubations AT giorgettiraffaele pyrrolidinylsyntheticcathinonesaphpand4fapvpmetaboliteprofilingusinghumanhepatocyteincubations AT busardofrancescop pyrrolidinylsyntheticcathinonesaphpand4fapvpmetaboliteprofilingusinghumanhepatocyteincubations AT huestismarilyna pyrrolidinylsyntheticcathinonesaphpand4fapvpmetaboliteprofilingusinghumanhepatocyteincubations |