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Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis
Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Imm...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010323 |
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author | Kumar, Ramesh Mehta, Divya Mishra, Nimisha Nayak, Debasis Sunil, Sujatha |
author_facet | Kumar, Ramesh Mehta, Divya Mishra, Nimisha Nayak, Debasis Sunil, Sujatha |
author_sort | Kumar, Ramesh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, and Coronaviridae such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7796338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77963382021-01-10 Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis Kumar, Ramesh Mehta, Divya Mishra, Nimisha Nayak, Debasis Sunil, Sujatha Int J Mol Sci Review Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, and Coronaviridae such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection. MDPI 2020-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7796338/ /pubmed/33396899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010323 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kumar, Ramesh Mehta, Divya Mishra, Nimisha Nayak, Debasis Sunil, Sujatha Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title_full | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title_short | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
title_sort | role of host-mediated post-translational modifications (ptms) in rna virus pathogenesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010323 |
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