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Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism

β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pilozzi, Alexander, Carro, Caitlin, Huang, Xudong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338
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author Pilozzi, Alexander
Carro, Caitlin
Huang, Xudong
author_facet Pilozzi, Alexander
Carro, Caitlin
Huang, Xudong
author_sort Pilozzi, Alexander
collection PubMed
description β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a diverse set of systems. As an agonist of the body’s opioid receptors, β-endorphins are most noted for their potent analgesic effects, but they also have their involvement in reward-centric and homeostasis-restoring behaviors, among other effects. These effects have implicated the peptide in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a research target of interest. This review briefly summarizes the basics of endorphin function, goes over the behaviors and regulatory pathways it governs, and examines the variability of β-endorphin levels observed between normal and disease/disorder affected individuals.
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spelling pubmed-77964462021-01-10 Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism Pilozzi, Alexander Carro, Caitlin Huang, Xudong Int J Mol Sci Review β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a diverse set of systems. As an agonist of the body’s opioid receptors, β-endorphins are most noted for their potent analgesic effects, but they also have their involvement in reward-centric and homeostasis-restoring behaviors, among other effects. These effects have implicated the peptide in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a research target of interest. This review briefly summarizes the basics of endorphin function, goes over the behaviors and regulatory pathways it governs, and examines the variability of β-endorphin levels observed between normal and disease/disorder affected individuals. MDPI 2020-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7796446/ /pubmed/33396962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pilozzi, Alexander
Carro, Caitlin
Huang, Xudong
Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title_full Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title_fullStr Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title_short Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
title_sort roles of β-endorphin in stress, behavior, neuroinflammation, and brain energy metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338
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