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Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism
β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338 |
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author | Pilozzi, Alexander Carro, Caitlin Huang, Xudong |
author_facet | Pilozzi, Alexander Carro, Caitlin Huang, Xudong |
author_sort | Pilozzi, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a diverse set of systems. As an agonist of the body’s opioid receptors, β-endorphins are most noted for their potent analgesic effects, but they also have their involvement in reward-centric and homeostasis-restoring behaviors, among other effects. These effects have implicated the peptide in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a research target of interest. This review briefly summarizes the basics of endorphin function, goes over the behaviors and regulatory pathways it governs, and examines the variability of β-endorphin levels observed between normal and disease/disorder affected individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7796446 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77964462021-01-10 Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism Pilozzi, Alexander Carro, Caitlin Huang, Xudong Int J Mol Sci Review β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout the body, brain, and cells of the immune system that regulate a diverse set of systems. As an agonist of the body’s opioid receptors, β-endorphins are most noted for their potent analgesic effects, but they also have their involvement in reward-centric and homeostasis-restoring behaviors, among other effects. These effects have implicated the peptide in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a research target of interest. This review briefly summarizes the basics of endorphin function, goes over the behaviors and regulatory pathways it governs, and examines the variability of β-endorphin levels observed between normal and disease/disorder affected individuals. MDPI 2020-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7796446/ /pubmed/33396962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pilozzi, Alexander Carro, Caitlin Huang, Xudong Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title | Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title_full | Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title_fullStr | Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title_full_unstemmed | Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title_short | Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism |
title_sort | roles of β-endorphin in stress, behavior, neuroinflammation, and brain energy metabolism |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338 |
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