Cargando…

Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an unde...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Giannotta, Juri Alessandro, Fattizzo, Bruno, Cavallaro, Francesca, Barcellini, Wilma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796467/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164
_version_ 1783634689252130816
author Giannotta, Juri Alessandro
Fattizzo, Bruno
Cavallaro, Francesca
Barcellini, Wilma
author_facet Giannotta, Juri Alessandro
Fattizzo, Bruno
Cavallaro, Francesca
Barcellini, Wilma
author_sort Giannotta, Juri Alessandro
collection PubMed
description Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an underestimated issue in AIHA. This review will collect the available evidence on the frequency and type of infectious complications in AIHA, detailing the risk related to each treatment (i.e., steroids, rituximab, splenectomy, classic immunosuppressive agents, and new target drugs). Moreover, we will briefly discuss the infectious complications in AIHA secondary to other diseases that harbor an intrinsic infectious risk (e.g., primary immunodeficiencies, systemic autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants). Finally, viral and bacterial reactivations during immune suppressive therapies will be discussed, along with suggested screening and prophylactic strategies.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7796467
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-77964672021-01-10 Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Giannotta, Juri Alessandro Fattizzo, Bruno Cavallaro, Francesca Barcellini, Wilma J Clin Med Review Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an underestimated issue in AIHA. This review will collect the available evidence on the frequency and type of infectious complications in AIHA, detailing the risk related to each treatment (i.e., steroids, rituximab, splenectomy, classic immunosuppressive agents, and new target drugs). Moreover, we will briefly discuss the infectious complications in AIHA secondary to other diseases that harbor an intrinsic infectious risk (e.g., primary immunodeficiencies, systemic autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants). Finally, viral and bacterial reactivations during immune suppressive therapies will be discussed, along with suggested screening and prophylactic strategies. MDPI 2021-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7796467/ /pubmed/33466516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Giannotta, Juri Alessandro
Fattizzo, Bruno
Cavallaro, Francesca
Barcellini, Wilma
Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title_full Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title_fullStr Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title_full_unstemmed Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title_short Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
title_sort infectious complications in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796467/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164
work_keys_str_mv AT giannottajurialessandro infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia
AT fattizzobruno infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia
AT cavallarofrancesca infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia
AT barcelliniwilma infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia