Cargando…
Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an unde...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164 |
_version_ | 1783634689252130816 |
---|---|
author | Giannotta, Juri Alessandro Fattizzo, Bruno Cavallaro, Francesca Barcellini, Wilma |
author_facet | Giannotta, Juri Alessandro Fattizzo, Bruno Cavallaro, Francesca Barcellini, Wilma |
author_sort | Giannotta, Juri Alessandro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an underestimated issue in AIHA. This review will collect the available evidence on the frequency and type of infectious complications in AIHA, detailing the risk related to each treatment (i.e., steroids, rituximab, splenectomy, classic immunosuppressive agents, and new target drugs). Moreover, we will briefly discuss the infectious complications in AIHA secondary to other diseases that harbor an intrinsic infectious risk (e.g., primary immunodeficiencies, systemic autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants). Finally, viral and bacterial reactivations during immune suppressive therapies will be discussed, along with suggested screening and prophylactic strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7796467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77964672021-01-10 Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Giannotta, Juri Alessandro Fattizzo, Bruno Cavallaro, Francesca Barcellini, Wilma J Clin Med Review Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be frequently challenged by infectious complications, mainly as a result of immunosuppressive treatments administered. Furthermore, infectious agents are known triggers of AIHA onset and relapse. Although being risk factors for mortality, infections are an underestimated issue in AIHA. This review will collect the available evidence on the frequency and type of infectious complications in AIHA, detailing the risk related to each treatment (i.e., steroids, rituximab, splenectomy, classic immunosuppressive agents, and new target drugs). Moreover, we will briefly discuss the infectious complications in AIHA secondary to other diseases that harbor an intrinsic infectious risk (e.g., primary immunodeficiencies, systemic autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants). Finally, viral and bacterial reactivations during immune suppressive therapies will be discussed, along with suggested screening and prophylactic strategies. MDPI 2021-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7796467/ /pubmed/33466516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Giannotta, Juri Alessandro Fattizzo, Bruno Cavallaro, Francesca Barcellini, Wilma Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title | Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title_full | Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title_fullStr | Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title_full_unstemmed | Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title_short | Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
title_sort | infectious complications in autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010164 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT giannottajurialessandro infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia AT fattizzobruno infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia AT cavallarofrancesca infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia AT barcelliniwilma infectiouscomplicationsinautoimmunehemolyticanemia |