Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7799216/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33367502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081 |
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author | Gerkin, Richard C Ohla, Kathrin Veldhuizen, Maria G Joseph, Paule V Kelly, Christine E Bakke, Alyssa J Steele, Kimberley E Farruggia, Michael C Pellegrino, Robert Pepino, Marta Y Bouysset, Cédric Soler, Graciela M Pereda-Loth, Veronica Dibattista, Michele Cooper, Keiland W Croijmans, Ilja Di Pizio, Antonella Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan Fjaeldstad, Alexander W Lin, Cailu Sandell, Mari A Singh, Preet B Brindha, V Evelyn Olsson, Shannon B Saraiva, Luis R Ahuja, Gaurav Alwashahi, Mohammed K Bhutani, Surabhi D’Errico, Anna Fornazieri, Marco A Golebiowski, Jérôme Dar Hwang, Liang Öztürk, Lina Roura, Eugeni Spinelli, Sara Whitcroft, Katherine L Faraji, Farhoud Fischmeister, Florian Ph S Heinbockel, Thomas Hsieh, Julien W Huart, Caroline Konstantinidis, Iordanis Menini, Anna Morini, Gabriella Olofsson, Jonas K Philpott, Carl M Pierron, Denis Shields, Vonnie D C Voznessenskaya, Vera V Albayay, Javier Altundag, Aytug Bensafi, Moustafa Bock, María Adelaida Calcinoni, Orietta Fredborg, William Laudamiel, Christophe Lim, Juyun Lundström, Johan N Macchi, Alberto Meyer, Pablo Moein, Shima T Santamaría, Enrique Sengupta, Debarka Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma Yanik, Hüseyin Hummel, Thomas Hayes, John E Reed, Danielle R Niv, Masha Y Munger, Steven D Parma, Valentina |
author_facet | Gerkin, Richard C Ohla, Kathrin Veldhuizen, Maria G Joseph, Paule V Kelly, Christine E Bakke, Alyssa J Steele, Kimberley E Farruggia, Michael C Pellegrino, Robert Pepino, Marta Y Bouysset, Cédric Soler, Graciela M Pereda-Loth, Veronica Dibattista, Michele Cooper, Keiland W Croijmans, Ilja Di Pizio, Antonella Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan Fjaeldstad, Alexander W Lin, Cailu Sandell, Mari A Singh, Preet B Brindha, V Evelyn Olsson, Shannon B Saraiva, Luis R Ahuja, Gaurav Alwashahi, Mohammed K Bhutani, Surabhi D’Errico, Anna Fornazieri, Marco A Golebiowski, Jérôme Dar Hwang, Liang Öztürk, Lina Roura, Eugeni Spinelli, Sara Whitcroft, Katherine L Faraji, Farhoud Fischmeister, Florian Ph S Heinbockel, Thomas Hsieh, Julien W Huart, Caroline Konstantinidis, Iordanis Menini, Anna Morini, Gabriella Olofsson, Jonas K Philpott, Carl M Pierron, Denis Shields, Vonnie D C Voznessenskaya, Vera V Albayay, Javier Altundag, Aytug Bensafi, Moustafa Bock, María Adelaida Calcinoni, Orietta Fredborg, William Laudamiel, Christophe Lim, Juyun Lundström, Johan N Macchi, Alberto Meyer, Pablo Moein, Shima T Santamaría, Enrique Sengupta, Debarka Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma Yanik, Hüseyin Hummel, Thomas Hayes, John E Reed, Danielle R Niv, Masha Y Munger, Steven D Parma, Valentina |
author_sort | Gerkin, Richard C |
collection | PubMed |
description | In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7799216 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77992162021-01-25 Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms Gerkin, Richard C Ohla, Kathrin Veldhuizen, Maria G Joseph, Paule V Kelly, Christine E Bakke, Alyssa J Steele, Kimberley E Farruggia, Michael C Pellegrino, Robert Pepino, Marta Y Bouysset, Cédric Soler, Graciela M Pereda-Loth, Veronica Dibattista, Michele Cooper, Keiland W Croijmans, Ilja Di Pizio, Antonella Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan Fjaeldstad, Alexander W Lin, Cailu Sandell, Mari A Singh, Preet B Brindha, V Evelyn Olsson, Shannon B Saraiva, Luis R Ahuja, Gaurav Alwashahi, Mohammed K Bhutani, Surabhi D’Errico, Anna Fornazieri, Marco A Golebiowski, Jérôme Dar Hwang, Liang Öztürk, Lina Roura, Eugeni Spinelli, Sara Whitcroft, Katherine L Faraji, Farhoud Fischmeister, Florian Ph S Heinbockel, Thomas Hsieh, Julien W Huart, Caroline Konstantinidis, Iordanis Menini, Anna Morini, Gabriella Olofsson, Jonas K Philpott, Carl M Pierron, Denis Shields, Vonnie D C Voznessenskaya, Vera V Albayay, Javier Altundag, Aytug Bensafi, Moustafa Bock, María Adelaida Calcinoni, Orietta Fredborg, William Laudamiel, Christophe Lim, Juyun Lundström, Johan N Macchi, Alberto Meyer, Pablo Moein, Shima T Santamaría, Enrique Sengupta, Debarka Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma Yanik, Hüseyin Hummel, Thomas Hayes, John E Reed, Danielle R Niv, Masha Y Munger, Steven D Parma, Valentina Chem Senses Original Articles In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable. Oxford University Press 2020-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7799216/ /pubmed/33367502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Gerkin, Richard C Ohla, Kathrin Veldhuizen, Maria G Joseph, Paule V Kelly, Christine E Bakke, Alyssa J Steele, Kimberley E Farruggia, Michael C Pellegrino, Robert Pepino, Marta Y Bouysset, Cédric Soler, Graciela M Pereda-Loth, Veronica Dibattista, Michele Cooper, Keiland W Croijmans, Ilja Di Pizio, Antonella Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan Fjaeldstad, Alexander W Lin, Cailu Sandell, Mari A Singh, Preet B Brindha, V Evelyn Olsson, Shannon B Saraiva, Luis R Ahuja, Gaurav Alwashahi, Mohammed K Bhutani, Surabhi D’Errico, Anna Fornazieri, Marco A Golebiowski, Jérôme Dar Hwang, Liang Öztürk, Lina Roura, Eugeni Spinelli, Sara Whitcroft, Katherine L Faraji, Farhoud Fischmeister, Florian Ph S Heinbockel, Thomas Hsieh, Julien W Huart, Caroline Konstantinidis, Iordanis Menini, Anna Morini, Gabriella Olofsson, Jonas K Philpott, Carl M Pierron, Denis Shields, Vonnie D C Voznessenskaya, Vera V Albayay, Javier Altundag, Aytug Bensafi, Moustafa Bock, María Adelaida Calcinoni, Orietta Fredborg, William Laudamiel, Christophe Lim, Juyun Lundström, Johan N Macchi, Alberto Meyer, Pablo Moein, Shima T Santamaría, Enrique Sengupta, Debarka Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma Yanik, Hüseyin Hummel, Thomas Hayes, John E Reed, Danielle R Niv, Masha Y Munger, Steven D Parma, Valentina Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title | Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title_full | Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title_fullStr | Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title_short | Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms |
title_sort | recent smell loss is the best predictor of covid-19 among individuals with recent respiratory symptoms |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7799216/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33367502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081 |
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