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Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania

Planning and implementation of schistosomiasis control activities requires an understanding of the prevalence, intensity of infection and geographical distribution of the disease in different epidemiological settings. Although, Tanzania is known to be highly endemic to schistosomiasis, there is pauc...

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Autores principales: Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias, Uisso, Cecilia, Kazyoba, Paul, Nshala, Andreas, Mwingira, Upendo J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7801377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33432079
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80317-x
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author Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias
Uisso, Cecilia
Kazyoba, Paul
Nshala, Andreas
Mwingira, Upendo J.
author_facet Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias
Uisso, Cecilia
Kazyoba, Paul
Nshala, Andreas
Mwingira, Upendo J.
author_sort Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias
collection PubMed
description Planning and implementation of schistosomiasis control activities requires an understanding of the prevalence, intensity of infection and geographical distribution of the disease in different epidemiological settings. Although, Tanzania is known to be highly endemic to schistosomiasis, there is paucity of data on the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in potential large water bodies in the country. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence, infection intensities and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis along villages located on the shoreline of Lake Nyasa, southern Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1560 children aged 1–13 years old living in villages located along the shoreline of Lake Nyasa. A single urine and stool sample was obtained from each participating child and screened for S. mansoni using Kato Katz (KK) technique to detect eggs and using point-of-care circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test to detect antigen in urine. Urine filtration technique was used to screen for S. haematobium eggs in urine samples. Villages/primary school were mapped using geographical information system and prevalence map was generated using ArcView GIS software. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni based on KK technique and POC-CCA test was 15.1% (95%CI: 13.4–16.9) and 21.8% (95%CI: 18.5–25.3) respectively. The prevalence S. haematobium was 0.83% (95%CI: 0.5–1.4) and that of haematuria was 0.9%. The arithmetic mean egg intensities for S. haematobium and S. mansoni were 18.5 mean eggs/10 ml (95%CI: 5.9–57.6) of urine and 34.7 mean epg (95%CI: 27.7–41.7) respectively. Villages located on the southern end of the lake had significantly high prevalence of S. mansoni than those located on the northern part (χ(2) = 178.7838, P = 0.001). Cases of S. haematobium were detected only in three villages. Both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections occur in villages located along the shoreline of Lake Nyasa at varying prevalence. These finding provide insights that can provide guidance in planning and implementation of MDA approach and other recommended measures such as improvement in sanitation, provision of clean water and behaviour changes through public health education.
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spelling pubmed-78013772021-01-12 Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias Uisso, Cecilia Kazyoba, Paul Nshala, Andreas Mwingira, Upendo J. Sci Rep Article Planning and implementation of schistosomiasis control activities requires an understanding of the prevalence, intensity of infection and geographical distribution of the disease in different epidemiological settings. Although, Tanzania is known to be highly endemic to schistosomiasis, there is paucity of data on the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in potential large water bodies in the country. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence, infection intensities and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis along villages located on the shoreline of Lake Nyasa, southern Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1560 children aged 1–13 years old living in villages located along the shoreline of Lake Nyasa. A single urine and stool sample was obtained from each participating child and screened for S. mansoni using Kato Katz (KK) technique to detect eggs and using point-of-care circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test to detect antigen in urine. Urine filtration technique was used to screen for S. haematobium eggs in urine samples. Villages/primary school were mapped using geographical information system and prevalence map was generated using ArcView GIS software. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni based on KK technique and POC-CCA test was 15.1% (95%CI: 13.4–16.9) and 21.8% (95%CI: 18.5–25.3) respectively. The prevalence S. haematobium was 0.83% (95%CI: 0.5–1.4) and that of haematuria was 0.9%. The arithmetic mean egg intensities for S. haematobium and S. mansoni were 18.5 mean eggs/10 ml (95%CI: 5.9–57.6) of urine and 34.7 mean epg (95%CI: 27.7–41.7) respectively. Villages located on the southern end of the lake had significantly high prevalence of S. mansoni than those located on the northern part (χ(2) = 178.7838, P = 0.001). Cases of S. haematobium were detected only in three villages. Both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections occur in villages located along the shoreline of Lake Nyasa at varying prevalence. These finding provide insights that can provide guidance in planning and implementation of MDA approach and other recommended measures such as improvement in sanitation, provision of clean water and behaviour changes through public health education. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7801377/ /pubmed/33432079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80317-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Mazigo, Humphrey Deogratias
Uisso, Cecilia
Kazyoba, Paul
Nshala, Andreas
Mwingira, Upendo J.
Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title_full Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title_fullStr Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title_short Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
title_sort prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in villages surrounding lake nyasa, tanzania
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7801377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33432079
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80317-x
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