Clinicopathological characteristics of De Garengeot hernia: six case reports and literature review

BACKGROUND: De Garengeot hernia, wherein the appendix is present within a femoral hernia, is a rare disease; therefore, the clinicopathological features remain to be clarified. This study aimed to reveal the clinicopathological characteristics of De Garengeot hernia. CASE PRESENTATION: Six patients who underwent appendectomy and herniorrhaphy between 1999 and 2018 were included. The incidence of De Garengeot hernia was 3.2% among the 182 femoral hernias that required surgery during the study period. The median age of the patients was 78 years, and five patients were women. The median body mass index was 20.1. Patients frequently had fever or elevated CRP level. Preoperative diagnoses based on computed tomography were femoral (n = 3), inguinal (n = 2), and De Garengeot (n = 1) hernias. Emergency and elective surgeries were performed in four and two patients, respectively. Histopathological examination of the resected appendix showed gangrenous appendicitis (n = 3), perforated appendicitis (n = 2), and appendiceal ischemia (n = 1) in the patients. Postoperatively, one patient developed sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of De Garengeot hernia is often difficult, and patients frequently have severe appendicitis. Precise diagnosis is required, and emergency surgery should be considered depending on the severity of appendicitis.