Postcardiac Arrest Neuroprognostication Practices: A Survey of Brazilian Physicians

End-of-life care and decisions on withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies vary across countries, which may affect the feasibility of future multicenter cardiac arrest trials. In Brazil, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy is reportedly uncommon, allowing the natural history of postcardiac arrest hypoxic-ischemic brain injury to present itself. We aimed to characterize approaches to neuroprognostication of cardiac arrest survivors among physicians in Brazil. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Between August 2, 2019, and July 31, 2020, we distributed a web-based survey to physicians practicing in Brazil. SUBJECTS: Physicians practicing in Brazil and members of the Brazilian Association of Neurointensive Care, who care for patients resuscitated following cardiac arrest. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Responses from 185 physicians were obtained. Pupillary reflexes, corneal reflexes, and motor responses were considered critical to prognostication, whereas neuroimaging and electroencephalography were also regarded as important. For patients without targeted temperature management, absent pupillary and corneal reflexes at 24 hours postarrest were considered strongly predictive of poor neurologic outcome by 31.8% and 33.0%, respectively. For targeted temperature management-treated patients, absent pupillary and corneal reflexes at 24-hour postrewarming were considered prognostic by 22.9% and 20.0%, respectively. Physicians felt comfortable making definitive prognostic recommendations at day 6 postarrest or later (34.2%) for nontargeted temperature management-treated patients, and at day 6 postrewarming (20.4%) for targeted temperature management-treated patients. Over 90% believed that improving neuroprognostic accuracy would affect end-of-life decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant variability in neuroprognostic approaches to postcardiac arrest patients and timing of prognostic studies among Brazilian physicians, with practices frequently deviating from current guidelines, underscoring a need for greater neuroprognostic accuracy. Nearly all physicians believed that improving neuroprognostication will impact end-of-life decision-making. Given the tendency to delay prognostic recommendations while using similar neuroprognostic tools, Brazil offers a unique cohort in which to examine the natural history of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in future studies.