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High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial
The retinal microcirculation is increasingly receiving credit as a relatively easily accessible microcirculatory bed that correlates closely with clinical cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of high salt (NaCl) intake on the retinal microcirculation is currently unknown. Therefore, we performed an e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7803999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33436709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79753-6 |
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author | Wenstedt, Eliane F. E. Beugelink, Lisanne Schrooten, Esmee M. Rademaker, Emma Rorije, Nienke M. G. Wouda, Rosa D. Schlingemann, Reinier O. Wong, Tien Y. Vogt, Liffert |
author_facet | Wenstedt, Eliane F. E. Beugelink, Lisanne Schrooten, Esmee M. Rademaker, Emma Rorije, Nienke M. G. Wouda, Rosa D. Schlingemann, Reinier O. Wong, Tien Y. Vogt, Liffert |
author_sort | Wenstedt, Eliane F. E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The retinal microcirculation is increasingly receiving credit as a relatively easily accessible microcirculatory bed that correlates closely with clinical cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of high salt (NaCl) intake on the retinal microcirculation is currently unknown. Therefore, we performed an exploratory randomized cross-over dietary intervention study in 18 healthy males. All subjects adhered to a two-week high-salt diet and low-salt diet, in randomized order, after which fundus photographs were taken and assessed using a semi-automated computer-assisted program (SIVA, version 4.0). Outcome parameters involved retinal venular and arteriolar tortuosity, vessel diameter, branching angle and fractal dimension. At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 29.8 (4.4) years and blood pressure of 117 (9)/73 (5) mmHg. Overall, high-salt diet significantly increased venular tortuosity (12.2%, p = 0.001). Other retinal parameters were not significantly different between diets. Changes in arteriolar tortuosity correlated with changes in ambulatory systolic blood pressure (r = − 0.513; p = 0.04). In conclusion, high-salt diet increases retinal venular tortuosity, and salt-induced increases in ambulatory systolic blood pressure associate with decreases in retinal arteriolar tortuosity. Besides potential eye-specific consequences, both phenomena have previously been associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, underlining the deleterious microcirculatory effects of high salt intake. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7803999 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78039992021-01-13 High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial Wenstedt, Eliane F. E. Beugelink, Lisanne Schrooten, Esmee M. Rademaker, Emma Rorije, Nienke M. G. Wouda, Rosa D. Schlingemann, Reinier O. Wong, Tien Y. Vogt, Liffert Sci Rep Article The retinal microcirculation is increasingly receiving credit as a relatively easily accessible microcirculatory bed that correlates closely with clinical cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of high salt (NaCl) intake on the retinal microcirculation is currently unknown. Therefore, we performed an exploratory randomized cross-over dietary intervention study in 18 healthy males. All subjects adhered to a two-week high-salt diet and low-salt diet, in randomized order, after which fundus photographs were taken and assessed using a semi-automated computer-assisted program (SIVA, version 4.0). Outcome parameters involved retinal venular and arteriolar tortuosity, vessel diameter, branching angle and fractal dimension. At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 29.8 (4.4) years and blood pressure of 117 (9)/73 (5) mmHg. Overall, high-salt diet significantly increased venular tortuosity (12.2%, p = 0.001). Other retinal parameters were not significantly different between diets. Changes in arteriolar tortuosity correlated with changes in ambulatory systolic blood pressure (r = − 0.513; p = 0.04). In conclusion, high-salt diet increases retinal venular tortuosity, and salt-induced increases in ambulatory systolic blood pressure associate with decreases in retinal arteriolar tortuosity. Besides potential eye-specific consequences, both phenomena have previously been associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, underlining the deleterious microcirculatory effects of high salt intake. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7803999/ /pubmed/33436709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79753-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Wenstedt, Eliane F. E. Beugelink, Lisanne Schrooten, Esmee M. Rademaker, Emma Rorije, Nienke M. G. Wouda, Rosa D. Schlingemann, Reinier O. Wong, Tien Y. Vogt, Liffert High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title | High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title_full | High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title_fullStr | High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title_full_unstemmed | High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title_short | High-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
title_sort | high-salt intake affects retinal vascular tortuosity in healthy males: an exploratory randomized cross-over trial |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7803999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33436709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79753-6 |
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