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Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique and beneficial properties and are currently used to treat a broad variety of diseases. These properties include the potential for differentiation into other cell types, secretion of different trophic factors that promote a regenerative microenvironment, anti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805216/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33441175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-02129-0 |
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author | Galindo, Sara de la Mata, Ana López-Paniagua, Marina Herreras, Jose M. Pérez, Inmaculada Calonge, Margarita Nieto-Miguel, Teresa |
author_facet | Galindo, Sara de la Mata, Ana López-Paniagua, Marina Herreras, Jose M. Pérez, Inmaculada Calonge, Margarita Nieto-Miguel, Teresa |
author_sort | Galindo, Sara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique and beneficial properties and are currently used to treat a broad variety of diseases. These properties include the potential for differentiation into other cell types, secretion of different trophic factors that promote a regenerative microenvironment, anti-inflammatory actions, selective migration to damaged tissues, and non-immunogenicity. MSCs are effective for the treatment of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, corneal burns, and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), both in experimental models and in humans. LSCD is a pathological condition in which damage occurs to the limbal epithelial stem cells, or their niche, that are responsible for the continuous regeneration of the corneal epithelium. If LSCD is extensive and/or severe, it usually causes corneal epithelial defects, ulceration, and conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. These changes can result in neovascularization and corneal opacity, severe inflammation, pain, and visual loss. The effectiveness of MSCs to reduce corneal opacity, neovascularization, and inflammation has been widely studied in different experimental models of LSCD and in some clinical trials; however, the methodological disparity used in the different studies makes it hard to compare outcomes among them. In this regard, the MSC route of administration used to treat LSCD and other ocular surface diseases is an important factor. It should be efficient, minimally invasive, and safe. So far, intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, topical administration, and MSC transplantation using carrier substrata like amniotic membrane (AM), fibrin, or synthetic biopolymers have been the most commonly used administration routes in experimental models. However, systemic administration carries the risk of potential side effects and transplantation requires surgical procedures that could complicate the process. Alternatively, subconjunctival injection is a minimally invasive and straightforward technique frequently used in ophthalmology. It enables performance of local treatments using high cell doses. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of MSC administration by subconjunctival injection, analyzing the convenience, safety, and efficacy for treatment of corneal failure due to LSCD in different experimental models. We also provide a summary of the clinical trials that have been completed, are in progress, or being planned. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7805216 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78052162021-01-14 Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art Galindo, Sara de la Mata, Ana López-Paniagua, Marina Herreras, Jose M. Pérez, Inmaculada Calonge, Margarita Nieto-Miguel, Teresa Stem Cell Res Ther Review Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique and beneficial properties and are currently used to treat a broad variety of diseases. These properties include the potential for differentiation into other cell types, secretion of different trophic factors that promote a regenerative microenvironment, anti-inflammatory actions, selective migration to damaged tissues, and non-immunogenicity. MSCs are effective for the treatment of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, corneal burns, and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), both in experimental models and in humans. LSCD is a pathological condition in which damage occurs to the limbal epithelial stem cells, or their niche, that are responsible for the continuous regeneration of the corneal epithelium. If LSCD is extensive and/or severe, it usually causes corneal epithelial defects, ulceration, and conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. These changes can result in neovascularization and corneal opacity, severe inflammation, pain, and visual loss. The effectiveness of MSCs to reduce corneal opacity, neovascularization, and inflammation has been widely studied in different experimental models of LSCD and in some clinical trials; however, the methodological disparity used in the different studies makes it hard to compare outcomes among them. In this regard, the MSC route of administration used to treat LSCD and other ocular surface diseases is an important factor. It should be efficient, minimally invasive, and safe. So far, intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, topical administration, and MSC transplantation using carrier substrata like amniotic membrane (AM), fibrin, or synthetic biopolymers have been the most commonly used administration routes in experimental models. However, systemic administration carries the risk of potential side effects and transplantation requires surgical procedures that could complicate the process. Alternatively, subconjunctival injection is a minimally invasive and straightforward technique frequently used in ophthalmology. It enables performance of local treatments using high cell doses. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of MSC administration by subconjunctival injection, analyzing the convenience, safety, and efficacy for treatment of corneal failure due to LSCD in different experimental models. We also provide a summary of the clinical trials that have been completed, are in progress, or being planned. BioMed Central 2021-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7805216/ /pubmed/33441175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-02129-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Galindo, Sara de la Mata, Ana López-Paniagua, Marina Herreras, Jose M. Pérez, Inmaculada Calonge, Margarita Nieto-Miguel, Teresa Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title | Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title_full | Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title_fullStr | Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title_full_unstemmed | Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title_short | Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
title_sort | subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805216/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33441175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-02129-0 |
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