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Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment
Affordances are possibilities for action that depend on both an observer's capabilities and the properties of the environment. Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) have been used to examine affordances in adults, demonstrating that judgments about action capabilities are made similarly to the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33501111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00096 |
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author | Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Gill, Devin M. Pointon, Grant D. Bodenheimer, Bobby Stefanucci, Jeanine K. |
author_facet | Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Gill, Devin M. Pointon, Grant D. Bodenheimer, Bobby Stefanucci, Jeanine K. |
author_sort | Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Affordances are possibilities for action that depend on both an observer's capabilities and the properties of the environment. Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) have been used to examine affordances in adults, demonstrating that judgments about action capabilities are made similarly to the real world. However, less is known about affordance judgments in middle-aged children and adolescents in IVEs. Differences in rate of growth, decision criteria, and perceived risk could influence affordance judgments for children. In Experiment 1, children, teens, and adults stood in an IVE at ground level or at a height of 15 m, and were asked to view gaps of different widths. Across all age groups, estimates of gap crossing were underestimated at the higher height compared to the ground, consistent with reports of fear and risk of falling. Children, compared to adults, underestimated their maximum crossable gap compared to their actual crossable gap. To test whether this difference was specific to IVEs or a more generalized age effect, children and adults were tested on gap estimates in the real world in Experiment 2. This real world study showed no difference between children and adults, suggesting a unique contribution of the IVE to children's affordance judgments. We discuss the implications for using IVEs to study children's affordances. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7805896 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78058962021-01-25 Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Gill, Devin M. Pointon, Grant D. Bodenheimer, Bobby Stefanucci, Jeanine K. Front Robot AI Robotics and AI Affordances are possibilities for action that depend on both an observer's capabilities and the properties of the environment. Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) have been used to examine affordances in adults, demonstrating that judgments about action capabilities are made similarly to the real world. However, less is known about affordance judgments in middle-aged children and adolescents in IVEs. Differences in rate of growth, decision criteria, and perceived risk could influence affordance judgments for children. In Experiment 1, children, teens, and adults stood in an IVE at ground level or at a height of 15 m, and were asked to view gaps of different widths. Across all age groups, estimates of gap crossing were underestimated at the higher height compared to the ground, consistent with reports of fear and risk of falling. Children, compared to adults, underestimated their maximum crossable gap compared to their actual crossable gap. To test whether this difference was specific to IVEs or a more generalized age effect, children and adults were tested on gap estimates in the real world in Experiment 2. This real world study showed no difference between children and adults, suggesting a unique contribution of the IVE to children's affordance judgments. We discuss the implications for using IVEs to study children's affordances. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7805896/ /pubmed/33501111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00096 Text en Copyright © 2019 Creem-Regehr, Gill, Pointon, Bodenheimer and Stefanucci. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Robotics and AI Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Gill, Devin M. Pointon, Grant D. Bodenheimer, Bobby Stefanucci, Jeanine K. Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title | Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title_full | Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title_fullStr | Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title_full_unstemmed | Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title_short | Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
title_sort | mind the gap: gap affordance judgments of children, teens, and adults in an immersive virtual environment |
topic | Robotics and AI |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33501111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00096 |
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