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Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model
Cladosporium cladosporioides causes asthma and superficial and deep infections, mostly in immunodeficient individuals and animals. This study aimed to investigate whether C. cladosporioides spores can enter the lungs through pulmonary circulation and influence pulmonary immune response. We intraveno...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7806624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33441700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79642-y |
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author | Ma, Xiaoping Hu, Jing Yu, Yan Wang, Chengdong Gu, Yu Cao, Sanjie Huang, Xiaobo Wen, Yiping Zhao, Qin Wu, Rui Zuo, Zhicai Deng, Junliang Ren, Zhihua Yu, Shumin Shen, Liuhong Zhong, Zhijun Peng, Guangneng |
author_facet | Ma, Xiaoping Hu, Jing Yu, Yan Wang, Chengdong Gu, Yu Cao, Sanjie Huang, Xiaobo Wen, Yiping Zhao, Qin Wu, Rui Zuo, Zhicai Deng, Junliang Ren, Zhihua Yu, Shumin Shen, Liuhong Zhong, Zhijun Peng, Guangneng |
author_sort | Ma, Xiaoping |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cladosporium cladosporioides causes asthma and superficial and deep infections, mostly in immunodeficient individuals and animals. This study aimed to investigate whether C. cladosporioides spores can enter the lungs through pulmonary circulation and influence pulmonary immune response. We intravenously injected mice with C. cladosporioides spore suspension and conducted several assays on the lungs. Pulmonary hemorrhage symptoms and congestion were most severe on days 1, 2, and 3 post-inoculation (PI). Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred throughout the period of infection. More spores and hyphae colonizing the lungs were detected on days 1, 2, and 3 PI, and fewer spores and hyphae were observed within 21 d of infection. Numerous macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils were observed on day 5 PI, along with upregulation of CD54, an intercellular adhesion molecule. Th1 and Th2 cells increased after infection; specifically, Th2 cells increased considerably on day 5 PI. These results suggest that days 2 and 5 PI represent the inflammatory peak in the lungs and that the Th2 and Th1 signaling pathways are potentially involved in pulmonary immune responses. In conclusion, the further adaptive immune responses played important roles in establishing effective pulmonary immunity against C. cladosporioides systemic infections based on innate immune responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7806624 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78066242021-01-14 Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model Ma, Xiaoping Hu, Jing Yu, Yan Wang, Chengdong Gu, Yu Cao, Sanjie Huang, Xiaobo Wen, Yiping Zhao, Qin Wu, Rui Zuo, Zhicai Deng, Junliang Ren, Zhihua Yu, Shumin Shen, Liuhong Zhong, Zhijun Peng, Guangneng Sci Rep Article Cladosporium cladosporioides causes asthma and superficial and deep infections, mostly in immunodeficient individuals and animals. This study aimed to investigate whether C. cladosporioides spores can enter the lungs through pulmonary circulation and influence pulmonary immune response. We intravenously injected mice with C. cladosporioides spore suspension and conducted several assays on the lungs. Pulmonary hemorrhage symptoms and congestion were most severe on days 1, 2, and 3 post-inoculation (PI). Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred throughout the period of infection. More spores and hyphae colonizing the lungs were detected on days 1, 2, and 3 PI, and fewer spores and hyphae were observed within 21 d of infection. Numerous macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils were observed on day 5 PI, along with upregulation of CD54, an intercellular adhesion molecule. Th1 and Th2 cells increased after infection; specifically, Th2 cells increased considerably on day 5 PI. These results suggest that days 2 and 5 PI represent the inflammatory peak in the lungs and that the Th2 and Th1 signaling pathways are potentially involved in pulmonary immune responses. In conclusion, the further adaptive immune responses played important roles in establishing effective pulmonary immunity against C. cladosporioides systemic infections based on innate immune responses. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7806624/ /pubmed/33441700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79642-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Xiaoping Hu, Jing Yu, Yan Wang, Chengdong Gu, Yu Cao, Sanjie Huang, Xiaobo Wen, Yiping Zhao, Qin Wu, Rui Zuo, Zhicai Deng, Junliang Ren, Zhihua Yu, Shumin Shen, Liuhong Zhong, Zhijun Peng, Guangneng Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title | Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title_full | Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title_fullStr | Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title_short | Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
title_sort | assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7806624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33441700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79642-y |
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