Delayed discharge is associated with higher complement C3 levels and a longer nucleic acid-negative conversion time in patients with COVID-19

To determine factors associated with delayed discharge of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This retrospective cohort study included 47 patients with COVID-19 admitted to three hospitals in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China, between January 21, 2020 and March 6, 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with delayed discharge. The median length of hospital stay was 22 days. Patients in the delayed discharge group (length of hospital stay ≥ 21 days, n = 27) were more likely to have diarrhea, anorexia, decreased white blood cell counts, increased complement C3 and C-reactive protein levels, air bronchograms, undergo thymalfasin treatment, and take significantly longer to convert to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA-negative status than those in the control group (length of hospital stay, < 21 days; n = 20). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative conversion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–2.04, P = 0.01) and complement C3 levels (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.02–1.27, P = 0.03) were the only risk factors independently associated with delayed discharge from the hospital. Dynamic monitoring of complement C3 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels is useful for predicting delayed discharge of patients.