An assessment of the spatial extent of polar dust using satellite thermal data

The effect of mineral dust aerosols and subsequent deposition in polar regions has historically been underestimated in climate models. Dust aerosols increase melt rates by reducing surface albedo and modifying atmospheric radiative properties. In this study 127,413 satellite images covering the Arctic and Antarctic from 2007 to 2019 were assessed for dust content using thermal infrared wavelengths. The results show a strong linear trend in which the relative spatial extent of dust (RSED) increased annually by 0.31% in the Arctic (8.5% to 12.1%) and 0.19% in the Antarctic (5.2% to 7.5%). Seasonally, the maximum aggregated average RSED occurred in the Arctic during boreal winter (11.2%), while the Antarctic peaked in austral spring (9.5%). Maximum RSED rates occurred in boreal winter/austral summer (Dec–Jan–Feb) for both polar regions. The data suggests that finer dust particles are more efficiently distributed by aeolian processes leading to higher RSED values that are not necessarily reflective of polar dust loading models.