Mixed granulosa-Sertoli sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis: clinical, ultrasonic and histopathological features: a case report

Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors are less common in men, while mixed sex cord-stromal tumors (MSCSTs) are rarer. Recently, we found a MSCST in an adult male testis [adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) with Sertoli cell tumor]. He was admitted to the hospital based on “left testicular bloating and dull pain for 20 years and aggravating for 10 days”. Routine examination of color Doppler ultrasound showed a size of approximately 1.09 cm × 0.79 cm in the left testis with a low echo area, clear outline, and color flow in it. The patient underwent a radical left orchiectomy to remove the tumor. Pathological results showed that the tumor was diagnosed as testicular MSCST (AGCT with Sertoli cell tumor). He was in good health after the operation and showed no signs of recurrence or metastasis after 6 months of follow-up. We summarized the clinical, ultrasonic, and histopathological characteristics of this case. And immunohistochemical staining was very important in the pathological diagnosis of testicular MSCSTs, which can distinguish different tumor types. MSCSTs were usually mixed Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, while this case is a MSCST of AGCT with Sertoli cell tumor, which is unique from other cases. Moreover, in this case, the doctors could not clearly diagnose the tumor through pre-operative physical, ultrasonic and laboratory examinations until the postoperative pathological examination. This further reflected the importance of pathological examination in the diagnosis of such tumors.