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Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system
When genetically modified (GM) maize is planted in an open field, it may cross-pollinate with the nearby non-GM maize under certain airflow conditions. Suitable sampling methods are crucial for tracing adventitious GM content. By using field data and bootstrap simulation, we evaluated the performanc...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33300426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483 |
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author | Jhong, Yun-Syuan Lin, Wen-Shin Yiu, Tien-Joung Su, Yuan-Chih Kuo, Bo-Jein |
author_facet | Jhong, Yun-Syuan Lin, Wen-Shin Yiu, Tien-Joung Su, Yuan-Chih Kuo, Bo-Jein |
author_sort | Jhong, Yun-Syuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | When genetically modified (GM) maize is planted in an open field, it may cross-pollinate with the nearby non-GM maize under certain airflow conditions. Suitable sampling methods are crucial for tracing adventitious GM content. By using field data and bootstrap simulation, we evaluated the performance of common sampling schemes to determine the adventitious GM content in small maize fields in Taiwan. A pollen dispersal model that considered the effect of field borders, which are common in Asian agricultural landscapes, was used to predict the cross-pollination (CP) rate. For the 2009–1 field data, the six-transect (T(six)), JM method for low expected flow (JM[L]), JM method for high expected flow (JM[H]), and V-shaped transect (T(V)) methods performed comparably to simple random sampling (SRS). T(six), T(V), JM(L), and JM(H) required only 13% or less of the sample size required by SRS. After the simulation and verification of the 2009–2 and 2010–1 field data, we concluded that T(six), T(V), JM(L), and systematic random sampling methods performed equally as well as SRS in CP rate predictions. Our findings can serve as a reference for monitoring the pollen dispersal tendencies of maize in countries with smallholder farming systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7808422 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78084222021-09-02 Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system Jhong, Yun-Syuan Lin, Wen-Shin Yiu, Tien-Joung Su, Yuan-Chih Kuo, Bo-Jein GM Crops Food Research Paper When genetically modified (GM) maize is planted in an open field, it may cross-pollinate with the nearby non-GM maize under certain airflow conditions. Suitable sampling methods are crucial for tracing adventitious GM content. By using field data and bootstrap simulation, we evaluated the performance of common sampling schemes to determine the adventitious GM content in small maize fields in Taiwan. A pollen dispersal model that considered the effect of field borders, which are common in Asian agricultural landscapes, was used to predict the cross-pollination (CP) rate. For the 2009–1 field data, the six-transect (T(six)), JM method for low expected flow (JM[L]), JM method for high expected flow (JM[H]), and V-shaped transect (T(V)) methods performed comparably to simple random sampling (SRS). T(six), T(V), JM(L), and JM(H) required only 13% or less of the sample size required by SRS. After the simulation and verification of the 2009–2 and 2010–1 field data, we concluded that T(six), T(V), JM(L), and systematic random sampling methods performed equally as well as SRS in CP rate predictions. Our findings can serve as a reference for monitoring the pollen dispersal tendencies of maize in countries with smallholder farming systems. Taylor & Francis 2020-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7808422/ /pubmed/33300426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483 Text en © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Jhong, Yun-Syuan Lin, Wen-Shin Yiu, Tien-Joung Su, Yuan-Chih Kuo, Bo-Jein Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title | Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title_full | Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title_short | Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
title_sort | effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33300426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483 |
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