Achievements and gaps to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for women across the European Region – Results from a European survey study

INTRODUCTION: The use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a safe and effective prevention option to all people at substantial risk of HIV acquisition, irrespective of gender. However, in most European countries PrEP services focus on key populations, in particular men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to explore PrEP availability and implementation for women across the European region. METHODS: An online survey was sent to all members of Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE) from 50 countries in September 2019. It consisted of 19 questions, including both multiple choice and free text answers. RESULTS: In total, responses from 34 countries were included in the study (Western Europe n ​= ​12, Central Europe ​= ​12, Eastern Europe n ​= ​6). PrEP was accessible in 30 WHO European countries. More than half of them stated that PrEP was available for all groups at-risk of HIV acquisition (n ​= ​18), while in many countries PrEP was only available to MSM and transgender persons. Two-thirds of country respondents confirmed the availability of a national guideline for PrEP (n ​= ​23), of which six countries had specific recommendations for PrEP in women. The most cited obstacles for PrEP access were lack of information about PrEP, lack of political support, and high cost for the individual. Fifteen country respondents stated that there were specific obstacles for PrEP access for women, such as guidelines prioritizing MSM, women not being seen as a target population for PrEP, and lack of knowledge about which subgroup of women would benefit most from PrEP. Seven countries had made efforts to encourage women’s access to PrEP, most of which were individually based or initiated by local NGOs. CONCLUSIONS: PrEP is an important addition to HIV combination prevention. Women’s access to PrEP in Europe remains limited. Women are often not included in the guidelines or targeted with education or information, resulting in a general lack of information about the use of PrEP for women.