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Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers
BACKGROUND: Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been noted. Understanding these differences and how they influence vulnerability to infection and di...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7809676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33511177 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.118 |
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author | Badawi, Alaa Vasileva, Denitsa |
author_facet | Badawi, Alaa Vasileva, Denitsa |
author_sort | Badawi, Alaa |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been noted. Understanding these differences and how they influence vulnerability to infection and disease severity is critical to public health intervention. AIM: To analyze and compare the profile of COVID-19 cases between China and North America as two regions that differ in many environmental, host and healthcare factors related to disease risk. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine and compare demographic information, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, disease severity and levels of disease biomarkers of COVID-19 cases from clinical studies and data from China (105 studies) and North America (19 studies). RESULTS: COVID-19 patients from North America were older than their Chinese counterparts and with higher male: Female ratio. Fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms in both study regions (present in about 30% to 75% of the cases in both regions). Meta-analysis for the prevalence of comorbidities (such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and chronic kidney diseases) in COVID-19 patients were all significantly more prevalent in North America compared to China. Comorbidities were positively correlated with age but at a significantly younger age range in China compared to North American. The most prevalent infection outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome which was 2-fold more frequent in North America than in China. Levels of C-reactive protein were 4.5-fold higher in the North American cases than in cases from China. CONCLUSION: The differences in the profile of COVID-19 cases from China and North America may relate to differences in environmental-, host- and healthcare-related factors between the two regions. Such inter-population differences-together with intra-population variability-underline the need to characterize the effect of health inequities and inequalities on public health response to COVID-19 and can assist in preparing for the re-emergence of the epidemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7809676 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78096762021-01-27 Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers Badawi, Alaa Vasileva, Denitsa World J Clin Cases Systematic Reviews BACKGROUND: Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been noted. Understanding these differences and how they influence vulnerability to infection and disease severity is critical to public health intervention. AIM: To analyze and compare the profile of COVID-19 cases between China and North America as two regions that differ in many environmental, host and healthcare factors related to disease risk. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine and compare demographic information, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, disease severity and levels of disease biomarkers of COVID-19 cases from clinical studies and data from China (105 studies) and North America (19 studies). RESULTS: COVID-19 patients from North America were older than their Chinese counterparts and with higher male: Female ratio. Fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms in both study regions (present in about 30% to 75% of the cases in both regions). Meta-analysis for the prevalence of comorbidities (such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and chronic kidney diseases) in COVID-19 patients were all significantly more prevalent in North America compared to China. Comorbidities were positively correlated with age but at a significantly younger age range in China compared to North American. The most prevalent infection outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome which was 2-fold more frequent in North America than in China. Levels of C-reactive protein were 4.5-fold higher in the North American cases than in cases from China. CONCLUSION: The differences in the profile of COVID-19 cases from China and North America may relate to differences in environmental-, host- and healthcare-related factors between the two regions. Such inter-population differences-together with intra-population variability-underline the need to characterize the effect of health inequities and inequalities on public health response to COVID-19 and can assist in preparing for the re-emergence of the epidemic. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021-01-06 2021-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7809676/ /pubmed/33511177 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.118 Text en ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Systematic Reviews Badawi, Alaa Vasileva, Denitsa Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title | Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title_full | Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title_fullStr | Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title_short | Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
title_sort | comparative profile for covid-19 cases from china and north america: clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers |
topic | Systematic Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7809676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33511177 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.118 |
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