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Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of seru...

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Autores principales: Siwinska, Natalia, Zak, Agnieszka, Paslawska, Urszula
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7809759/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33446216
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00568-0
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author Siwinska, Natalia
Zak, Agnieszka
Paslawska, Urszula
author_facet Siwinska, Natalia
Zak, Agnieszka
Paslawska, Urszula
author_sort Siwinska, Natalia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and conventional renal dysfunction biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of developing AKI, and horses with clinically evident AKI. A second aim was to assess how gastrointestinal disease and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs affected SDMA levels. Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses with gastrointestinal disease and/or receiving phenylbutazone or gentamicin (risk group) and 11 horses with AKI were included in the study. Serum SDMA levels were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests. RESULTS: SDMA levels in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were 12 µg/dL (11–14), 12 µg/dL (11–13) and 20 µg/dL (20–37), respectively (all results presented as a median (quartile 1–quartile 3)). There was a significant difference in SDMA concentration between the healthy horses and those with AKI, whereas the SDMA levels in healthy horses and those at risk of AKI were comparable. A SDMA cut-off value of 19 µg/dL was established. Horses from the risk group had higher urine protein concentration and urine protein to creatinine ratio compared with healthy horses. Furthermore, horses with colic from the risk group presented with elevated urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION: The SDMA cut-off value established in healthy horses was higher than previously reported. The SDMA level correlated with the azotaemia levels. Horses from the AKI risk group had normal SDMA levels but single urine parameters was abnormal indicating their higher sensitivity in assessing subclinical kidney dysfunction.
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spelling pubmed-78097592021-01-15 Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum Siwinska, Natalia Zak, Agnieszka Paslawska, Urszula Acta Vet Scand Research BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and conventional renal dysfunction biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of developing AKI, and horses with clinically evident AKI. A second aim was to assess how gastrointestinal disease and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs affected SDMA levels. Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses with gastrointestinal disease and/or receiving phenylbutazone or gentamicin (risk group) and 11 horses with AKI were included in the study. Serum SDMA levels were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests. RESULTS: SDMA levels in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were 12 µg/dL (11–14), 12 µg/dL (11–13) and 20 µg/dL (20–37), respectively (all results presented as a median (quartile 1–quartile 3)). There was a significant difference in SDMA concentration between the healthy horses and those with AKI, whereas the SDMA levels in healthy horses and those at risk of AKI were comparable. A SDMA cut-off value of 19 µg/dL was established. Horses from the risk group had higher urine protein concentration and urine protein to creatinine ratio compared with healthy horses. Furthermore, horses with colic from the risk group presented with elevated urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION: The SDMA cut-off value established in healthy horses was higher than previously reported. The SDMA level correlated with the azotaemia levels. Horses from the AKI risk group had normal SDMA levels but single urine parameters was abnormal indicating their higher sensitivity in assessing subclinical kidney dysfunction. BioMed Central 2021-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7809759/ /pubmed/33446216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00568-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Siwinska, Natalia
Zak, Agnieszka
Paslawska, Urszula
Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title_full Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title_fullStr Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title_full_unstemmed Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title_short Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
title_sort detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7809759/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33446216
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00568-0
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